论文总字数：19079字

摘 要

本次论文主要讨论无磷阻垢剂的合成与表征，此外为了测定达到最佳阻垢性能的条件进行了实验，并对不同的合成条件及方法进行了讨论。市场上的阻垢剂多含有磷元素，其对环境会造成污染，因此本次实验主要是对无磷阻垢剂进行合成与表征。矿物水垢在冷却水系统中形成并且会引起热传递的问题。这项研究已经被实施用于减少碳酸钙和硫酸钙水垢。X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜被用于解释聚合物存在下水垢形貌的改变。

以马来酸酐、丙烯酸、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮为单体，采用水溶液自由基法，通过改变引发剂用量、单体滴加温度、保温温度等条件，合成了一系列无磷聚合物阻垢剂。红外表征说明阻垢剂中含有羧基、酰胺基等有效阻垢基团；热重分析表明，聚合物阻垢剂在175℃以下热稳定性良好。用制备的一系列聚合物阻垢剂进行对碳酸钙的静态阻垢实验，结果表明，引发剂用量为6%、滴加温度80 ℃、保温温度95 ℃条件下，聚合物阻垢效果良好，投加量为6.4 mg/L时，对碳酸钙的阻垢率为82%。对CaCO₃垢样进行X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征，结果表明加入聚合物阻垢剂后CaCO₃的形貌发生明显变化，说明聚合物对碳酸钙晶体生长有明显影响，使得此类无磷聚合物阻垢剂的广泛应用成为可能。

关键词：无磷 阻垢剂 碳酸钙

Abstract

In this paper, the synthesis and characterization of phosphate-free scale inhibitor was studied, besides, in order to determine the optimal scale-inhibiting ratio, different synthesis conditions and different methods of scale inhibitor were discussed. Scale inhibitor on the market caused environmental pollution badly due to the existence of phosphorus, therefore the synthesis of phosphate-free scale inhibitor was studied mainly in this paper. Mineral scales are formed in cooling water systems and they cause heat transfer problems. This study has been carried out to reduce the carbonate and sulphate scales of calcium. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies were performed to understand the morphological changes of the scales in the presence of the polymer.

With maleic anhydride,acrylic acid and N-vinyl pyrrolidone pyrrolidone as monomers, by changing the dosage of initiator, temperature of dropping monomers, the holding temperature, a series of non-phosphorus polymer scale inhibitor was prepared by solution polymerization technique. The IR analysis shows that the scale inhibitor contains carboxyl, amide group and other effective groups which inhibit scale; and the thermo gravimetric analysis indicates that the polymer scale inhibitor has good thermal stability at 175 ℃. The performance of scale inhibitors on inhibition of CaCO₃ was studied through static scale inhibition tests. The results showed that when the dosage of initiator is 6 %, temperature of dropping monomers is 80 ℃, the holding temperature is 95 ℃, the polymer scale inhibition has a good inhibition effect on CaCO₃.when the dosage of polymer is 6.4mg/l, inhibition efficiency could reach 82%. X ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the CaCO₃ scale samples, and the morphology of the CaCO₃ was changed obviously after the scale inhibitor was added. It indicates that the polymer has great effect on growth of the crystal of calcium carbonate and the wide application of the non-phosphorus polymer scale inhibitors is possible.

Key words : Non- phosphorus Scale inhibitor Calcium carbonate

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 前言 1

1.1 阻垢剂的概述 1

1.2阻垢剂的种类 1

1.3阻垢剂的阻垢机理 2

1.4阻垢剂的聚合方法及表征方法 4

1.4.1本体聚合 4

1.4.2悬浮聚合 4

1.4.3乳液聚合 5

1.4.4溶液聚合 5

1.5阻垢剂分子量对阻垢性能的影响 6

1.6选题的意义和研究内容 7

第二章 实验方法与表征手段 9

2.1实验仪器及试剂 9

2.2阻垢剂的合成方法 9

2.3阻垢剂的表征 10

2.3.1阻垢剂的固含量测定 10

2.3.2阻垢剂的红外分析 10

2.3.3阻垢剂的热重分析 10

2.3.4阻垢剂的液相色谱分析 11

2.3.5阻垢剂的性能评定 11

第三章 结果与讨论 13

3.1固含量的测定结果 13

3.2 阻垢剂的红外分析 13

3.3 阻垢剂热重分析 14

3.4 阻垢剂的液相色谱分析 15

3.5 阻垢剂对碳酸钙的阻垢性能 16

3.6 难溶盐的表征及机理分析 18

第四章 结论 21

参考文献 22

致 谢 24

第一章 前言

1.1 阻垢剂的概述

在工业用水、生活用水、废水处理过程中，为了水质净化、控制腐蚀、结垢及微生物黏泥等而添加的化学药剂称为水处理剂。为了有效的达到混凝、缓释、阻垢和杀菌的目的逐步发展和使用了新型的有机絮凝剂、有机缓蚀剂、有机阻垢剂和有机杀菌剂^[1]。

请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：19079字