甲酸甲酯水解制甲酸工艺的模拟与优化
2023-09-08 09:06:08
论文总字数:19703字
摘 要
甲酸是一种基本有机化工原料,是甲酸甲酯深加工的重要下游产品之一。目前甲酸的生产工艺主要有甲酰胺法、甲酸甲酯水解法、甲酸钠法和丁烷液相氧化法等等。本文通过对这几种甲酸生产工艺路线的介绍和优缺点对比,发现以甲酸甲酯为原料的新型工艺流程方案较为合理,即甲酸甲酯和水反应后进入水解混合物精馏塔,从精馏塔侧线采出含有甲醇的物料再次精馏使其分离,精馏塔塔顶流出的物料均循环利用。此工艺相较于其他工艺路线缩短了流程,减少了成本。
本文还采用了大型流程模拟软件Aspen Plus对甲酸甲酯水解制甲酸工艺进行数值模拟,为今后工业生产甲酸提供理论依据,并对水解混合物精馏塔、甲酸甲酯-甲醇-水精馏塔和甲酸精馏塔进行了优化分析来提高甲酸甲酯的单程转化率。最终得到的甲酸甲酯的单程转化率可从39%提高到67%,产品甲酸的纯度达80%。
关键词:甲酸,甲酸甲酯,Aspen Plus,反应精馏,模拟优化
Abstract:
Formic acid is a basic organic chemical raw material and one of the important downstream products for deep processing of methyl formate. At present, the production technology of formic acid mainly includes formamide method, methyl formate hydrolysis method, sodium formate method and butane liquid phase oxidation method, etc. By introducing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of these formic acid production process routes, it is found that the new process scheme using methyl formate as raw material is more reasonable, that is, methyl formate reacts with water and enters the distillation column of hydrolytic mixture, extracts the material containing methanol from the side line of the distillation column, and then separates it by re-distillation, and recycles utilization of material outflow from the top of distillation column. Compared with other process routes, this technology shortens the process and reduces the cost.
Aspen Plus, a large-scale process simulation software, is used to simulate the process of hydrolysis of methyl formate to formic acid, which provides a theoretical basis for future industrial production of formic acid. The distillation column of hydrolytic mixture, methyl formate-methanol-water and formic acid are optimized and analyzed to improve the one-way conversion of methyl formate. Obtained by this process, the one-way conversion of methyl formate can be increased from 39% to 67% and the purity of formic acid can reach 80%.
Keywords: formic acid, methyl formate, aspen plus, reactive distillation, simulation and optimization
目 录
1 前言…………………………………………………………………………3
1.1 甲酸甲酯简介……………………………………………………………3
1.2 甲酸简介…………………………………………………………………3
1.3 甲酸的国内外供需………………………………………………………4
1.4 甲酸的生产方法…………………………………………………………5
1.5 甲酸甲酯水解工艺新的研究方法………………………………………9
1.6 本文研究意义……………………………………………………………10
2 甲酸甲酯水解制备甲酸新工艺的流程开发与稳态模拟…………………11
2.1 Aspen Plus简介…………………………………………………………11
2.2 物性分析…………………………………………………………………11
2.3 甲酸甲酯水解制备甲酸的稳态模拟……………………………………13
2.4 甲酸甲酯水解制备甲酸的模拟结果……………………………………13
2.5 本章小结…………………………………………………………………19
3 工艺条件优化分析…………………………………………………………20
3.1 RADFRAC1水解混合物精馏塔的优化分析……………………………20
3.2 RADFRAC2甲醇-甲酸甲酯-水精馏塔的优化分析……………………25
3.3 RADFRAC3甲酸精馏塔的优化分析……………………………………26
3.4 本章小结 …………………………………………………………………28
结论………………………………………………………………………………29
参考文献…………………………………………………………………………30
致谢………………………………………………………………………………31
1 前言
甲酸是最简单的一种非取代脂肪族羧酸,其作为非常重要的基本有机化工原料之一,广泛应用于农药、医药、染料、橡胶等工业,可用作消毒剂、防腐剂、食品保存剂、工业溶剂等。2018年甲酸的全球产量约为120万吨,随着甲酸的需求量逐年增长,其在化学化工领域越来越受到重视。目前甲酸的生产工艺主要有以氢氧化钠和一氧化碳为原料的甲酸钠法,以氨和一氧化碳为原料的甲酰胺法,以甲酸甲酯和水为原料的甲酸甲酯法等,其中国外多采用甲酸甲酯法和丁烷液相氧化法,国内由于生产工艺落后,大多采用甲酸钠法。
1.1 甲酸甲酯的简介
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