论文总字数：19524字

摘 要

：甲醛是酚醛树脂、脲醛树脂等合成材料的重要原料之一。随着我国经济的高速发展与合成材料的广泛应用，在未来一段时间内我国对甲醛的需要将不断增长。本文对比了不同甲醛生产工艺的优缺点，并结合我国目前甲醛生产技术现状及甲醛市场供需状况综合考虑后，选择以甲醇为原料通过铁钼催化剂法生产甲醛。本研究课题通过Aspen Plus对铁钼法反应工段、气液分离器工段、吸收工段、精馏工段等工艺流程进行模拟，并对铁钼法的主要工段进行了物料衡算。随后对吸收、精馏工段通过灵敏度分析，分别对塔板数、进料位置这两个工艺参数进行优化，优化后吸收塔、精馏塔的理论塔板数减少，降低了工艺流程的能耗，最终产品甲醛的馏出量有所提升，从175.236kmol/h提升至175.244kmol/h，甲醛的质量分数从0.381增加至0.3812，增加了理论经济收益，为工厂的实际生产提供相应的理论参考。本次模拟优化最终得到了质量分数为38.1%的甲醛，符合工业甲醛的质量标准，年产量约43000吨，基本达到设计目的。

关键词：甲醛，铁钼催化剂法，模拟优化，物料衡算

Abstract: Formaldehyde is one of the important raw materials for phenolic resin, urea-formaldehyde resin and other synthetic materials. With the rapid development of our country"s economy and the wide application of synthetic materials, the demand for formaldehyde in our country will continue to grow in the future. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of different formaldehyde production processes are compared, and according to the current situation of formaldehyde production technology and the supply and demand of formaldehyde market, methanol was selected as raw material to produce formaldehyde through the ferromolybdenum catalyst method. Through Aspen Plus, the process of Ferro Molybdenum reaction section, gas and liquid separator section, absorption section and distillation section were simulated, and materials were accounted for. Then, through the sensitivity analysis of the absorption and distillation sections, the two technological conditions of the theoretical tower plate number and the optimal feed position were optimized, and the theoretical tower plate number of the optimized absorption tower and distillation column was reduced, reducing the energy consumption of the technological process. In addition, the final product formaldehyde distillation volume has been increased, from 75.236 kmol/h to 175.244 kmol/h, which has increased theoretical economic returns and provided certain theoretical guidance for the actual production of the factory. The simulation optimization finally obtained formaldehyde with a quality score of 38.1 %, which conforms to the quality standards of industrial formaldehyde. The annual output is about 43,000 tons, which basically achieves the design purpose.

Key words: Formaldehyde,Iron molybdenum catalyst method,Simulation optimization,Material balance data

目录

1前言 4

2 综述 5

2.1产品概述 5

2.2甲醛的工业发展状况及展望 6

2.3制备工艺 11

2.4工艺流程模拟 15

2.5本文主要研究内容 18

3 工艺流程的确定 19

3.1工艺流程图 19

3.2工艺简介 19

3.3反应器的选择 19

3.4工艺条件的确定 20

4 工艺流程模拟 21

4.1单元模块及流程图 21

4.2年产45000吨甲醛模拟结果 21

4.3本章小结 30

5 工艺模拟优化 31

5.1甲醛吸收塔的优化 31

5.2精馏塔的优化 32

5.3本章小结 34

结论 36

参考文献 37

致谢 38

1前言

甲醛是一种重要的化学有机产品，广泛应用于生产热固性树脂，例如酚醛树脂、脲醛树脂，此外还有1,4-丁二醇等多元醇和六亚甲基四胺、亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯、聚甲醛、多聚甲醛等化工产品，其中工业上37%质量分数的甲醛水溶（又称福尔马林）可直接用作防腐剂。由此可见，甲醛在众多行业都具有重要用途。

工业上生产甲醛的工艺方法有许多种，由于许多方法还存在缺陷，例如甲烷直接选择性氧化或由甲醇直接脱氢制甲醛催化剂性能及生产过程控制技术都还没有达到工业应用的水平。因此，目前工业甲醛的主要来源是以甲醇为原料通过氧气氧化制取。此工艺方法根据所使用催化剂的不同，可以分为以银为催化剂的甲醇过量法和以铁钼氧化物为催化剂的空气过量法。

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