摘 要

离子液体（IL）因其特有的低挥发性、良好溶解性和选择性、以及阴阳离子的可设计性，使其具有较好的吸收性能和较低的再生能耗，离子液体在吸收CO₂方面具有可观的应用前景，但离子液体存在高粘度、吸收速率缓慢、吸收量有限等缺点，使得其无法与有机胺溶液等现有技术相抗衡。研究表明向离子液体中引入多个功能化基团可提高对CO₂的吸收能力并降低黏度。

氨基酸离子液体(AAILs)对CO₂的吸收能力显著提高，对于负载氨基化离子液体吸附剂的研究受到关注。本课题以获得一种对CO₂吸收量大、选择性好、速率快的吸附剂为目标，利用离子液体担载的创新方法，通过引入新离子液体改变气体在吸附剂中的溶解度极限和过程推动力，突破传统吸附剂吸收CO₂的容量和速率制约，通过制备、表征和性能之间的优化和调控，揭示吸附剂、离子液体和二氧化碳相互作用机理，从而指导了吸附剂负载化制备过程，推动了离子液体在CO₂分离过程中的应用。

关键词：氨基化 离子液体 吸收 二氧化碳

The research of CO₂ absorption by immobilized

amino acid ionic liquid

Abstract

Ionic liquid (IL) shows low volatility, high dissolution performance and selectivity, as well as its anions and cations can be designed. These characteristics make ILs good absorption properties and low regeneration energy. It is taken for granted that the application of ionic liquids hold considerable prospect. However, the presence of the high viscosity, slow absorption rate and the limited absorption make ionic liquid unable to compete with existing technology such as organic amine solution. Studies have shown that incorporating functional groups into ionic liquid can improve the CO₂ absorption properties, it can reduce the viscosity as well.

Since amino acid ionic liquid (AAILs) makes considerable progress towards CO₂ absorption, the research of CO₂ absorption by immobilized amino acid ionic liquid draws much attention. In this case, ILs immobilization is expected to obtain a large amount of CO₂ absorption, good selectivity and high rate of adsorption. We use innovative approaches to load ionic liquid and introduce new ionic liquids to change the solubility limit of the gas and driving power in the adsorbent, breaking CO₂ absorption capacity and speed constraints of traditional sorbent. We do research on preparation, characterization and performance optimization and control in order to reveal interaction mechanism between adsorbents, ionic liquid and carbon dioxide. The study is expected to guide the preparation process of the adsorbent load and promote the application of ionic liquids in CO₂ separation processes.

Key words: Amino acid; Ionic liquids; Absorption; CO₂

目 录

摘要.............................................................................................................................Ⅰ

ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................Ⅱ

第一章 文献综述

1.1 二氧化碳的捕集分离方法和技术现状...............................................................1

1.1.1 吸附法........................................................................................................... 1

1.1.2 膜分离法........................................................................................................2

1.1.3 有机胺水溶液吸收法....................................................................................2

1.1.4 离子液体法....................................................................................................2

1.2 离子液体及其吸附CO₂性能研究现状...............................................................3

1.2.1 常规离子液体吸附CO₂性能研究............................................................... 3

1.2.2 功能离子液体吸附CO₂性能研究................................................................4

1.2.3 负载氨基酸类离子液体CO₂性能研究........................................................5

1.3 研究意义与主要内容...........................................................................................9

1.3.1 研究意义........................................................................................................9

1.3.2 研究内容........................................................................................................9

第二章 实验部分

2.1 负载离子液体的制备.........................................................................................10

2.1.1 实验试剂......................................................................................................10

2.1.2 胆碱氨基酸离子液体的合成......................................................................10

2.1.3 实验准备......................................................................................................11

2.2 负载离子液体的表征.........................................................................................12

2.2.1 傅里叶变换红外表征..................................................................................12

2.2.2 核磁共振（NMR）.........................................................................................13

2.2.3 BET表征......................................................................................................13

2.2.4 TG表征........................................................................................................14

第三章 结果与讨论

3.1 负载离子液体的表征结果.................................................................................16

3.1.1 红外光谱结果..............................................................................................16

3.1.2 核磁共振结果..............................................................................................17

3.1.3 BET比表面积测试......................................................................................18

3.2 负载离子液体吸收CO₂性能.............................................................................19

3.2.1 PMMA载体不同负载量对CO₂吸收性的影响.........................................19

3.2.2 多孔硅胶载体不同负载量对CO₂吸收性的影响......................................20

3.2.3 MCM-41载体不同负载量对CO₂吸收性的影响.......................................21

第四章 结论与展望

4.1 结论.....................................................................................................................22

4.2 展望.....................................................................................................................22

参考文献...................................................................................................................23

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