论文总字数：16481字

摘 要

石墨烯被称为“新材料之王”，是世界上最薄的二维碳材料，拥有优异的强度、柔韧性、导热、导电、生物相容性等物理化学性质，且价格低廉、容易获得。被公认为良好的载体，近年来对石墨烯复合物的研究越来越成为热门。多聚赖氨酸（PLL）具有丰富的活性氨基，有助于促进细胞粘附和药物传递。PLL在碱性条件下与氧化石墨烯（GO）产生的PLL功能化石墨烯水溶液非常稳定，非常有利于石墨烯的进一步研究与应用。再与纳米金（AuNPs）经过静电吸附后有很好的电活性面积，但是我们发现复合物的生物相容性不好，考虑到生物相容性良好的多巴胺（DA），于是我们用DA在复合物表面自聚合，得到了电活性面积高、稳定性好且生物相容性好的复合物，即PDA/Au/PLL/RGO。本论文设计合成了PDA/Au/PLL/RGO复合物，并在复合物上组装了生物酶，再加上具有粘度的壳聚糖，得到了经过修饰的玻碳电极，并对该电极进行了电化学检测。证明了PDA/Au/PLL/RGO复合物具有良好的电活性面积和生物相容性。

关键词：石墨烯；纳米金；聚多巴胺；聚赖氨酸；生物相容性；电化学传感器

Preparation and characterization of Enzyme biosensors for graphene / gold nanoparticles Composites

Abstract

Graphene is called the "king of new materials". It is the thinnest two-dimensional carbon material in the world,Graphene is cheap and easy to obtain has excellent physical and chemical properties such as strength，flexibility， heat conductivity，conductivity and biocompatibility .It has been recognized as a good carrier. In recent years, the study of graphene composite has become more and more popular. Poly -L-lysine (PLL) is rich in active amino groups and helps to promote cell adhesion and drug delivery. Under alkaline conditions, PLL and graphene oxide (GO) produced PLL functionality, and the water solution was very stable.It is very helpful for further research and application of graphene.After the electrostatic adsorption of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the composite has a good electrical activity area. However, we found that the biocompatibility of the complexes was poor. Taking into account the high biocompatibility of dopamine (DA),So we used DA to polymerize on the surface of the composite, and obtained a compound with high electrical activity, good stability and good biocompatibility, It is PDA/Au/PLL/RGO .In this thesis, we design and synthesize PDA/Au/PLL/RGO composite, and assembled the enzyme on the complex, the modified glassy carbon electrode was obtained by adding viscosity chitosan, then the electrode was detected by electrochemical method. It is proved that the PDA/Au/PLL/RGO composite has good electrical activity area and biocompatibility.

Key words: Graphene, Gold nanoparticles , Poly dopamine,Poly-L- lysine, Biocompatibility, Electrochemical sensor

目录

摘要 - 2 -

Abstract - 3 -

目录 - 4 -

第一章 文献综述 - 5 -

1.1 概述 - 5-

1.2 生物传感器及酶的固化 - 5 -

1.2.1 吸附法 - 6 -

1.2.2 包埋法 - 6 -

1.2.3 共价键结合法 - 6 -

1.3 纳米材料与生物传感器 - 7 -

1.3.1 非金属单质石墨烯 - 7 -

1.3.2 多聚赖氨酸（PLL）功能化石墨烯 - 8 -

1.3.3 金属单质纳米金 - 8 -

1.4 聚多巴胺 - 9 -

1.4.1 粘附性质 - 9 -

1.4.2 生物相容性 - 9 -

1.4.3 聚多巴胺在生物电化学领域的应用 - 10 -

1.5 细胞色素P450酶 - 10 -

第二章 实验部分 - 11 -

2.1 实验仪器与试剂 - 11 -

2.1.1 实验仪器 - 11 -

2.1.2 实验试剂 - 11 -

2.2 实验方法 - 12 -

2.2.1 PLL/GO合成 - 12 -

2.2.2 AuNPs 合成 - 12 -

2.2.3 Au/PLL/RGO合成 - 12 -

2.2.4 PDA/Au/PLL/RGO合成 - 12 -

2.2.5 电极的打磨与组装 - 13 -

第三章 结果与讨论 - 14 -

3.1紫外光谱 - 14 -

3.2 各步合成后材料颜色的变化 - 15 -

3.3用计时电量法计算电活性面积 - 15 -

3.4无氧与有氧下的CV分析 - 16 -

3.5讨论 - 17 -

第四章 讨论与意义 - 18 -

4.1 实验的结论 - 18 -

4.2 本课题研究的意义 - 18 -

参考文献 - 19 -

致谢 - 22 -

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