论文总字数：18256字

摘 要

丙酸异戊酯是一种无色透明液体，本实验使用浸渍法得到硅钨酸负载在活性炭（H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀·nH₂O/C）上的催化剂，以丙酸（CH₃CH₂COOH）和异戊醇[(CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH₂OH]为原料在H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀·nH₂O/C为催化剂合成了丙酸异戊酯，分析了反应时间、催化剂的用量、酸醇摩尔比、带水剂的用量和种类等条件如何影响酯化反应产率的，并考察了催化剂回收多次重复利用的性能。结果表明，利用活性炭为载体负载硅钨酸制得的固体杂多酸催化剂催化活性很高，且在实验结束后和产品分离过程简单且易进行后处理，作为不污染环境的催化剂可多次循环使用。实验结论为：合成丙酸异戊酯CH₃CH₂COOCH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂的实验条件是0.1mol丙酸和0.12mol异戊醇，催化剂的用量1.5g（固载量为19.8%），带水剂甲苯的用量22mL，在125℃下加热反应3h，酯化率最高为89.1%，催化剂多次重复使用性能不下降，并对产品进行表征。

关键词：浸渍法 H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀·nH₂O/C固体酸 丙酸异戊酯 催化 酯化反应

Synthesis of Isoamyl propionate Catalyzed Silicotungstic Acid Adsorbed on Activated Carbon

Abstract

Isoamyl propionate is a colorless transparent liquid. In this experiment, the dipping method was used to get the catalyst silicotungstic acid adsorbed on activated carbon (H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀·nH₂O/C). Synthesis method of isoamyl propionate was investigated using silicotungstic acid catalyst adsorbed on activated carbon with propionic acid (CH₃CH₂COOH) and isoamylol [(CH₃)₂CHCH₂CH₂OH] in this experiment. The effects of ratio of reactants, reaction time, amount of catalyst, type and amount of the water agent in this esterification reaction were examined. The reuse performance of the catalyst was also investigated. The results show that the activity of solid acid catalyst prepared by silicotungstic acid on carbon surface is high, the separation process of catalyst is convenient. It is the reusable and environmental catalyst. From the experimental conclusion it is concluded that the synthesis of CH₃CH₂COOCH₂CH₂CH (CH₃)₂ should be satisfied: 0.1mol propionic acid and 0.12mol isoamylol, the amount of catalyst used 1.5g (load capacity is 19.8%), water agent (toluene) 22 mL, was heated at 125℃ for 3 hours and the esterification rate was 89.1%. The catalyst can be repeated several times. And the product was characterized.

Key Words: activated carbon; silicotungstic acid; isoamyl propionate; esterification reaction

目录

摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………I

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………II

第一章 引言…………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 丙酸异戊酯的介绍……………………………………………………………………1

1.2 杂多酸的介绍与催化性能研究………………………………………………………1

1.3 杂多酸研究现状………………………………………………………………………3

1.4 丙酸异戊酯研究现状和催化剂选用…………………………………………………4

第二章 实验部分……………………………………………………………………………6

2.1 试剂与仪器……………………………………………………………………………6

2.2 催化剂的固载…………………………………………………………………………6

2.2.1 活性炭的预处理………………………………………………………………6

2.2.2 催化剂的固载…………………………………………………………………6

2.3 实验方法………………………………………………………………………………7

第三章 结果与讨论…………………………………………………………………………8

3.1 酸醇比对反应的影响…………………………………………………………………8

3.2 反应时间对反应的影响………………………………………………………………8

3.3 催化剂用量对反应的影响……………………………………………………………8

3.4 带水剂的选择和用量对反应的影响………………………………………………11

3.4.1 带水剂的用量…………………………………………………………………11

3.4.2 带水剂的选择…………………………………………………………………12

3.5 重复使用催化剂对反应的影响……………………………………………………13

3.6 产品的表征…………………………………………………………………………13

第四章 结论…………………………………………………………………………………16

参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………17

致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………20

1. 引言

1.1 丙酸异戊酯的介绍

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