卤水用提锂吸附剂成型工艺及吸附性能研究毕业论文
2022-06-04 22:42:44
论文总字数:16273字
摘 要
以锂辉石为原料生产锂盐工艺较为成熟,但能耗较高,生产1吨碳酸锂产品将会产生近10吨锂矿渣,且95%以上的锂矿渣都露天放置未充分利用,易随风雨流失造成环境污染。当前,锂辉石资源日益匮乏,对锂离子的需求以每年15-20%快速增加,而我国卤水中的锂资源非常丰富,但液态提锂的技术研究和应用较少,工艺尚不成熟。
锂矿渣是锂辉石采用浓硫酸-碳酸钙法中提炼碳酸锂过程产生的废渣,主要以H2O·Al2O3·4SiO2形式存在。本文考察了粘结剂种类、用水量及硝酸用量对锂矿渣成型过程的影响,并对其静态吸附性能进行研究。结果表明,锂矿渣成型适宜的工艺条件为:以氧化铝为粘结剂,总用水量为30%,硝酸用量为3.43%,成型锂矿渣的颗粒强度达182 N/cm;采用氨-氯化铵缓冲体系,在初始锂浓度为236.2 mg/L,溶液初始pH为11,固液比为0.5 g/100mL时,锂矿渣颗粒在30 h达到吸附平衡;吸附温度为30 °C和60 °C时,锂矿渣对锂离子的平衡吸附量分别为2.68 mg/g和7.52 mg/g。
关键词:锂矿渣 成型 锂离子 平衡吸附量 ICP
Study on Molding Process and Adsorption Performance of Adsorbent for Extracting Lithium form Brine
Abstract
Currently, lithium carbonate technology is relatively mature using spodumene as raw material. But the energy consumption is high. Not only nearly 10 tons of lithium slag will come into being by producing one ton of lithium carbonate, but also more than 95% lithium slag are outdoor underutilized, which lead to environmental pollution with the wind and rain erosion. At present, while spodumene resources increasingly scarce, the demand for lithium is increasing rapidly. Lithium resources in our country are rich, but application of lithium recovery process from liquid are less and not mature.
Lithium slag is the residue in the process of producing lithium carbonate from spodumene by the sulfuric acid - calcium carbonate method. It mainly exists in the form of H2O·Al2O3·4SiO2. This paper focuses on molding of lithium slag and its static adsorption performance to provide basic data for further application to dynamic lithium adsorption. Effects of kinds of binder, water content and nitric acid content on molding process of lithium slag were investigated. Effects of adsorption time and adsorption temperature on equilibrium adsorption performance of granulated lithium slag were studied. The results shows that the appropriate conditions for molding are using alumina as a binder, water content 30%, nitric acid content 3.43%; the strength of granulated lithium slag is 185 N/cm. Under ammonia buffer system, initial lithium concentration of 236.2 mg/L, initial pH of 11, solid-liquid ratio of 0.5g/100mL, granulated lithium slag can reach adsorption equilibrium in 30 h. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of granulated lithium slag is 2.68 mg/g and 7.52 mg/g at 30°C and at 60°C respectively.
Key Words: Lithium slag; Molding; Lithium ion; Equilibrium adsorption capacity; ICP
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 概 述 1
1.1 课题研究背景 1
1.2 卤水提锂工艺技术研究 1
1.2.1 沉淀法 1
1.2.2 纳滤膜分离法 2
1.2.3 煅烧浸取法 2
1.2.4 离子交换吸附法 2
1.3 锂矿渣来源和应用研究现状 4
1.3.1 锂矿渣来源和组成 4
1.3.2 锂矿渣应用研究现状 5
1.4本文主要研究内容 7
第2章 实 验 8
2.1 主要原料及试剂 8
2.1.1 主要原料 8
2.1.2 试剂 9
2.2 实验仪器 9
2.3 实验方法 9
2.3.1 锂矿渣成型实验 9
2.3.2 锂矿渣颗粒静态吸附实验 9
2.4 分析和表征方法 10
2.4.1 XRF分析 10
2.4.2 ICP分析 10
2.4.3 强度测试 10
第3章 结果和讨论 11
3.1 锂矿渣成型工艺研究 11
3.1.1 粘结剂选择 11
3.1.2 用水量对锂矿渣成型强度影响 12
3.1.3 硝酸用量对锂矿渣成型强度影响 13
3.2 锂矿渣颗粒静态提锂性能研究 13
3.2.1 吸附时间对锂矿渣颗粒平衡吸附量影响 13
3.2.2 吸附温度与锂矿渣颗粒平衡吸附量关系 14
第4章 结论与展望 15
4.1 结论 15
4.2 展望 15
参考文献 16
致 谢 18
第1章 概 述
1.1 课题研究背景
锂是自然界中最轻、半径最小的碱金属,具有高比热、高电导率和化学活性强等理化特性[1]。锂和锂的化合物具有优越的性能,受到航空航天、核能发电和电子等产业的青睐。近年来,国际市场对需求量仍呈现日益增长的趋势,在电子行业、新能源汽车领域的需求增长的带动下,全球碳酸锂的需求量将保持年均15%~20%的速度增长[2]。
请支付后下载全文,论文总字数:16273字