论文总字数：18390字

摘 要

离子液体（离子性液体）概念是全部由阴离子，阳离子组成的液体，在室温温度下呈液态的由离子构成的物质，称为有机离子液体^[1]。

本课题研究了3-甲基-1-乙氧羰基甲基咪唑氯盐EtmimCl和尿素的二元体系。以乙腈为溶剂，N-甲基咪唑和氯乙酸乙酯合成3-甲基-1-乙氧羰基甲基咪唑氯盐EtmimCl。然后将尿素溶解于离子液体EtmimCl中，分析确认尿素在离子液体中的溶解能力大小。利用核磁共振谱仪探讨加入尿素对于离子液体核磁共振谱（H谱和C谱）的影响；采用流变仪研究EtmimCl-Urea二元体系的流变性能，为离子液体-尿素二元体系的应用积累原始数据。

离子液体EtmimCl的适宜反应条件是确定N-甲基咪唑用量的情况下。氯乙酸乙酯1ml反应温度60℃,溶剂氯乙腈用量10ml,反应12h,在这个条件下,产物收率可达85.5%。尿素在离子液体中的溶解度随温度的升高而增加，随温度降低而降低。温度低，尿素比较难溶于离子液体。尿素最佳溶解温度为80℃。由核磁共振化学位移差值显示，加入等量的尿素对于化学结构上的H2,C2影响最大。5％质量分数的 EtmimCl-Urea溶液表观黏度不随剪切速率而变化而变化，呈牛顿性流体特征，而质量分数10％EtmimCl-Urea 溶液表观黏度，则随着剪切速率增大而下降，呈现假塑性流体。

关键词：离子液体；尿素；核磁共振；流变性能

Study on the performance of EtmimCl-Urea binary system

Abstract

Ionic liquid is a liquid consisting of anion and cation, which is composed of ions at room temperature, which is called room temperature ionic liquid, room temperature molten salt, organic ionic liquid and so on.

In this study, the system of 3- methyl -1-, methyl EtmimCl, and urea was studied. The synthesis of 3- methyl methyl -1- ethyl methyl ester by acetonitrile as solvent, 1- methyl and ethyl chloride as solvent, EtmimCl. And then urea was dissolved in ionic liquid EtmimCl, and the ability to dissolve urea in ionic liquid was analyzed. Effects of using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer probe into urea for ionic liquid nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (spectrum for H and C spectrum). The rheological properties of the rheometer was used to research EtmimCl-Urea system and for ionic liquid urea system application accumulation of raw data.

The suitable reaction conditions of ionic liquid EtmimCl were determined by the amount of N-. Ethyl chloride 1ml reaction temperature of 60 degrees, the amount of solvent chloride acetonitrile 10ml, reaction 12h, under this condition, the product yield of up to 85.5%. The solubility of urea in ionic liquid increased with the increase of temperature. Temperature is low, urea is more difficult to dissolve in ionic liquid. The best solution temperature of urea is 70℃.By the difference of the nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift, adding the same amount of urea to the chemical structure of H2, C2 has the greatest influence. Table apparent viscosity did not change with shear rate changes, a Newtonian fluid behavior, and mass fraction 10%EtmimCl-Urea solution table apparent viscosity of the mass fraction of 5% solution of EtmimCl-Urea, is with the increase of the shear rate and decreased, showed pseudoplastic fluid.

Keywords：Ionic liquids; Urea; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Rheological property

目 录

摘要...........................................................................................................Ⅰ

ABSTRACT Ⅱ

第一章 前言 1

1.1 选题背景 ................1

1.2 离子液体...........................................................................................................1

1.2.1离子液体概述..........................................................................................1

1.2.1离子液体的合成.....................................................................................2

1.2.3离子液体的应用.....................................................................................3

1.2.4离子液体的分类.....................................................................................3

1.3尿素....................................................................................................................3

1.4.1尿素概述.................................................................................................3

1.4.2尿素合成.................................................................................................4

1.4.3尿素应用.................................................................................................4

1.4核磁共振.............................................................................................................4

1.5流动性能.............................................................................................................5

1.6本文思路.............................................................................................................5

1.6.1乙酸酯离子液体EtmimCl的合成..........................................................5

1.6.2尿素溶解离子液体.................... .............................................................5

1.6.3 EtmimCl-Urea NMR测试.........................................................................5

1.6.4 EtmimCl-Urea 流变性能........................................................................5

第二章 实验部分.....................................................................................6

2.1实验仪器与药品................................................................................................6

2.2试验方法...........................................................................................................7

2.2.1离子液体的合成..........................................................................................7

2.2.2离子液体中尿素的溶解时间测定..............................................................8

2.2.3核磁共振测试................................................................................................8

2.2.4流变性能测试................................................................................................8

第三章 结果与讨论.............................................................................. .....................9

3.1离子液体合成工艺优化.....................................................................................9

3.2尿素溶解离子液体............................................................................................10

3.3离子液体核磁共振............................................................................................11

3.4流变性能结果....................................................................................................13

1. 结论与展望....................................................................................18

4.1结论......................................................................................................................18

4.2展望......................................................................................................................18

参考文献......................................................................................................19

致谢..............................................................................................................21

第一章 前言

1.1选题背景

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