论文总字数：17670字

摘 要

壳聚糖具有抗菌活性高、生物相容性和低毒性等重要特性，广泛应用于废水处理、化妆品、药物载体、生物医学等领域。然而，因为壳聚糖在水和在大多数常规有机溶剂的溶解度中很差。作为一种创新的溶剂，离子液体类由于其独特的理化性质在各种领域中，对传统挥发性有机溶剂的替代已引起了人们的广泛关注。

本课题以氯乙酸乙酯、1-甲基咪唑等为原料，制备得到乙酸酯咪唑离子液体EtmimCl，再进行阴离子交换得到乙酸根离子液体EtmimAc。探索壳聚糖在离子液体EtmimAc-Urea二元体系中的溶解性能（不同固含量，不同温度条件下）、再生性能。并探讨壳聚糖在离子液体EtmimAc-Urea溶液中的流变性能（不同固含量，不同温度下的稳态流变性能）。得到以下结论：

1. 壳聚糖在离子液体EtmimAc-Urea中的溶解度温度呈现正相关性。在低温范围，壳聚糖难以溶解，溶解时间过长无法观察。温度过高的情况，壳聚糖则会自身溶解产生大量气泡影响观察。壳聚糖最佳溶解温度为100℃。
2. 壳聚糖/离子液体EtmimAc-Urea溶液属于假塑性流体，溶液的稳态粘度与剪切速率呈现负相关性。

关键字：离子液体 壳聚糖 溶解再生 流变

Study on the properties of chitosan in EtmimAc-Urea system

Abstract

Chitosan has many important properties such as high antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility and low toxicity,which make it useful for water-quality improvement, cosmetics, drug carriers, pharmaceutics, biomedicine and genetic disease therapy. However, despite these desirable characteristics, its application in practical processes is limited because of its poor solubility in water and in most of the conventional organic solvents. Therefore, it is imperative to develop highly efficient and environmentally friendly solvent systems for the dissolution of chitosan. As an innovative class of solvents, ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted much attention as greener replacements for traditional volatile organic solvents in a variety of fields such as chemical synthesis, catalytic reactions, electrochemical devices, separation and biomass dissolution due to their unique physicochemical properties.

This topic to a 1 - methyl imidazole and ethyl chloroacetate as raw materials, preparation of acetate ionic liquid EtmimAc, explore the dissolution of chitosan in acetic acid esters ionic liquid EtmimAc performance. The rheological behaviors of the chitosan/ionic liquid solutions were investigated by steady shear and oscillatory shear measurements.Two conclusions are obtained as follows:

1. The solubility of chitosan in ionic liquid increases with the increase of temperature.The lower the temperature, the more difficult it is to dissolve the chitosan. The dissolution time of chitosan in ionic liquid is longer when the temperature is lower.The optimum solution temperature of chitosan was 100℃.
2. The chitosan / ionic liquid solution is a pseudo plastic fluid, and the steady state viscosity of the solution decreases with the increase of the shear rate.

Keywords: ionic liquids; chitosan; ionic liquids; dissolution; regeneration; rheology

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

目录 III

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1壳聚糖的结构及来源 1

1.2壳聚糖的应用 1

1.3壳聚糖的溶解 2

1.3.1壳聚糖的传统溶解方法 2

1.3.2离子液体及其应用 2

1.4壳聚糖溶解机理研究 3

1.5咪唑类离子液体溶解壳聚糖研究进展 3

第二章 实验部分 8

2.1化学试剂和仪器 8

2.2离子液体合成 8

2.2.1 乙酸酯氯盐离子液体的合成 9

2.3壳聚糖的原料分析 9

2.3.1水含量的测定 9

2.3.2粘度法测定壳聚糖分子量 10

2.3.3灰分的测定 10

2.4壳聚糖的溶解 10

2.4.1 不同含量的壳聚糖在120℃及100℃时的溶解 10

2.4.2 不同含量的壳聚糖在80℃，40℃及60℃时的溶解 10

2.5壳聚糖的再生性能研究 10

2.5.1 壳聚糖的再生 10

2.5.2 离子液体的回收 11

2.6壳聚糖/离子液体溶液的流变性研究 11

2.6.1 壳聚糖/EtmimAc 溶液的制备 11

2.6.2 稳态流变特性测试 11

第三章 结果与讨论 12

3.1离子液体合成 12

3.2壳聚糖的原料分析 12

3.3壳聚糖的溶解 13

3.3.1 不同含量的壳聚糖在120℃及100℃时的溶解 13

3.3.2 不同含量的壳聚糖在80℃，40℃及60℃时的溶解 14

3.4壳聚糖的再生性研究 15

3.4.1 离子液体的回收 16

3.5流变性能研究 16

3.5.1 壳聚糖/EtmimAc-Urea溶液的稳态流变特性 17

3.5.2壳聚糖浓度对溶液稳态流变性质的影响 18

3.5.3温度对壳聚糖/EtmimAc-Urea溶液稳态流变性质的影响 19

3.5.4 本章小结 20

四 结论与展望 21

参考文献： 23

致谢

第一章 文献综述

1.1壳聚糖的结构及来源

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