论文总字数：30609字

摘 要

织物在染色或印花后表面存在未固着的或水解的染料,若去除不干净,会影响织物的色牢度、鲜艳度,故须用皂洗剂来洗涤.本实验中主要对两种新型酸性阴离子型皂洗剂针对不同材质织物的应用效果进行了研究，一类是以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS) 为单体，偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂，溶剂选用乙醇，采用自由基聚合的方法合成了三元共聚物MA/AA/AMPS；另一类是以丙烯酸(AA)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS) ，N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP) 为单体 ，偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,溶剂选用乙醇，采用自由基聚合的方法合成了三元共聚物AA/NVP/AMPS。通过对不同材质织物皂洗残液吸光度，皂洗前后织物干湿摩擦牢度，K/S值等性能参数进行分组测试，来探讨皂洗工艺中温度，时间，皂洗剂浓度，与添加剂的配比等因素对皂洗效果的影响，来确定酸性阴离子型皂洗剂在织物皂洗方面应用的优化条件。

关键词：酸性阴离子皂洗剂 吸光度 色牢度 皂洗工艺

Application of new type of acid anionic soap lotion

in fabric soap washing

Abstract

After dyeing or printing,surface of fabric are not sessile or hydrolysis of dye.If removal is not clean, will affect the fabric color fastness and brightness.therefore ，it must use the soap lotion to wash.In this experiment, the effect of two new type of anionic soap lotion on the application of different materials was studied: one is with maleic anhydride (MA), acrylic acid (AA), 2 - acrylamide - 2 - methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) as monomers, azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator, solvent use of ethanol, by free radical polymerization method of synthesis of the terpolymer MA/AA/AMPS.Second is to acrylic acid (AA), 2 - acrylamide - 2 - methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) as monomers, azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator, solvent use of ethanol, by free radical polymerization method of synthesis of the terpolymer AA/NVP/AMPS.By testing the soap wash residual liquid absorbance, soaping fabric before and after dry and wet rubbing fastness, k/s value of the performance,to explore the soaping process, temperature, time, soaping agent concentration and additive proportion factors on the soaping effect to determine the acidic anionic soap lotion in fabric soaping application conditions.

Keywords: Acidic anionic Soap Lotion；Absorbance；Color fastness； Soap washing process

目录

摘要...........................................................................................................................................................I

Abstract....................................................................................................................................................II

第一章 文献综述..............................................................................................................................1

第二章 理论部分..............................................................................................................................4

2.1 染色机理.................................................................................................................................4

2.1.1 活性染料染色机理....................................................................................................4

2.1.2 酸性染料染色机理..................................................................................................5

2.1.3 阳离子染料染色机理............................................................................................. 6

2.2 皂洗机理............................................................................................................................... 7

2.2.1 皂洗剂的组成............................................................................................................7

2.2.2 皂洗机理......................................................................................................................8

2.2.3 皂洗剂的要求.............................................................................................................9

2.3 防沾色机理.............................................................................................................................9

2.3.1 浮色产生的原因及危害..........................................................................................9

2.3.2 防沾色机理.................................................................................................................10

第三章 实验部分........................................................................................................................12

3.1实验材料...................................................................................................................................12

3.2 实验仪器..................................................................................................................................12

3.3 实验方案..................................................................................................................................13

3.3.1 皂洗剂合成工艺........................................................................................................15

3.3.2 染色工艺.....................................................................................................................16

3.3.3 皂洗工艺.....................................................................................................................17

3.4 应用性能测试.........................................................................................................................17

3.4.1 皂洗残夜吸光度测试........................................................................................17

3.4.2 皂洗前后织物K/S值测试.............................................................................17

3.4.3 皂洗前后织物干湿摩擦牢度的测试............................................................17

3.4.4 织物防沾色性能的测试...................................................................................18

第四章 结果与讨论.....................................................................................................................19

4.1 皂洗剂的筛选.........................................................................................................19

4.1.1 皂洗剂A对织物的皂洗效果...................................................................19

4.1.2 皂洗剂B对织物的皂洗效果...................................................................19

4.1.3 皂洗剂C对织物的皂洗效果..................................................................20

4.1.4 皂洗剂D对织物的皂洗效果...................................................................20

4.2皂洗剂的最佳皂洗条件........................................................................................ 21

4.2.1 皂洗剂B对活性染料上染棉织物皂洗工艺探讨..................................21

4.2.2 皂洗剂 C对阳离子染料上染腈纶织物皂洗工艺探讨..........................24

第五章 结论与展望...................................................................................................................28

参考文献................................................................................................................................................29

致谢 .....................................................................................................................................................31

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