植物根际促生菌对盐胁迫下苜蓿生长及生理的影响毕业论文
2022-01-02 16:47:17
论文总字数:23158字
摘 要
当前,随着人口的不断增加,人们对提高农作物产量、优化农作物性能的要求越来越高。植物根际促生细菌(PGPR)是一类依附在植物根部,并通过其生命活动在植物防病减病、植物抗旱耐盐、促进农作物生长等领域发挥重要作用的菌类。其生物制剂可以作为环保的、可持续发展的促生手段,代替传统农药和化肥进而保护环境。
本实验以紫花苜蓿为供试作物,采用土培法,研究了巨大芽孢杆菌NRCB001、枯草芽孢杆菌亚种NRCB002、枯草芽孢杆菌NRCB003对正常生长条件下和盐胁迫条件下紫花苜蓿生长和生理的影响。研究结果表明,三种菌株在有盐和无盐的条件下都具有良好的定殖到紫花苜蓿根际和促生能力,其中枯草芽孢杆菌NRCB003对盆栽实验中紫花苜蓿的生长促进作用最佳,在无盐的条件下,与空白对照组相比,苜蓿接种NRCB003后其存活率、干重、株高、叶面积分别提高了5%、70%、14%、23%;在有盐的条件下,与空白对照组相比,苜蓿接种NRCB003后其存活率、干重、株高、叶面积分别提高了56%、219%、140%、43%。NRCB001、NRCB002和NRCB003均能提高苜蓿抗逆相关酶的活性和降低苜蓿丙二醛的含量,其中NRCB003的效果最好。与空白对照组相比,苜蓿接种NRCB003后,在无盐和有盐的条件下,其丙二醛(MDA)的含量分别降低了29%和41%;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性分别提高了26%和21%;在无盐条件下,苜蓿接种NRCB003后,其过氧化物酶(POD)的活性较对照提高了40%。综上所述,枯草芽孢杆菌NRCB003对NaCl胁迫下紫花苜蓿促生作用最好,以期待作为农用微生物菌剂供试菌株应用于农业生产。
关键词:植物根际促生菌、紫花苜蓿、芽孢杆菌、NaCl、生长特性
Effects of rhizosphere probiotics on growth and physiology of alfalfa under NaCl stress
Abstract
At present, with the continuous increase of population, people have higher and higher requirements for improving crop yield and optimizing crop performance. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria is a kind of fungus that has strong colonization ability in plant roots and can effectively promote plant growth through its life activities. It plays an important role in promoting crop growth, preventing and reducing plant diseases, drought and salt tolerance of plants and other fields. In order to protect the environment, people use their biological agents as a substitute for traditional pesticides and fertilizers. Its advantage is environmental protection, sustainable development.
This experiment is selected crops with alfalfa, using the methods of soil culture, studied the huge bacillus NRCB001, bacillus subtilis subspecies NRCB002, bacillus subtilis NRCB003 three known PGPR strains under the condition of normal growth and salt stress conditions on alfalfa growth and physiological effect. The results showed that the all strains had high possibility to colonize the rhizosphere of alfalfa and had good improvement to growth of alfalfa in the condition with or without salt. The bacillus subtilis NRCB003 in potting soil culture experiment has the best effect on the growth of alfalfa. In the absence of salt, alfalfa after vaccination NRCB003 its survival rate, dry weight, plant height, leaf area increased by 5%, 70%, 14% and 23% respectively; Under the condition of salt, alfalfa after vaccination NRCB003 its survival rate, dry weight, plant height, leaf area increased by 56%, 219%, 140% and 43% respectively.NRCB001, NRCB002 and NRCB003 could improve the activity of alfalfa anti-stress enzymes and reduce the content of alfalfa malondialdehyde. NRCB003 was the best. Compared with the control group, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced by 29% and 41%, respectively, without or with salt. In the condition without salt or with salt, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased by 26% and 21% respectively. By the way, in the condition without salt, the activity of peroxidase (POD) was increased by 40%. To sum up, bacillus subtilis NRCB003 has the best effect on promoting growth of alfalfa under soil culture conditions, so it is expected to be used in agricultural production as a test strain of agricultural microbial bacteria.
Key words: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Alfalfa, Bacillus, NaCl, Growth characteristics
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第一章 文献综述 1
1.1植物根际促生菌简介 1
1.2 PGPR的定殖能力 1
1.2.1 PGPR根际定殖的定义 1
1.2.2影响PGPR根际定殖的因素 2
1.3 PGPR的促生机制 2
1.3.1 PGPR分泌有机挥发性气体(VOCs) 2
1.3.2 PGPR的固氮、溶磷、解钾及分泌IAA的能力 3
1.4 PGPR的功能 4
1.4.1 PGPR的土壤修复作用 4
1.4.2 PGPR缓解植物盐胁迫的作用 4
1.5苜蓿简介 5
1.5.1苜蓿的基本概况 5
1.5.2苜蓿的价值 5
1.5.3苜蓿目前存在的问题 6
1.6小结 6
第二章 材料与方法 7
2.1实验材料 7
2.1.1实验菌株 7
2.1.2实验作物 7
2.1.3实验土壤 7
2.1.4培养基 7
2.1.5实验设备 7
2.2实验方法 8
2.2.1菌悬液的制备 8
2.2.2 PGPR定殖实验 9
2.2.3苜蓿盆栽实验 10
2.2.4苜蓿叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量的测定 11
2.2.5超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的测定 12
2.2.6过氧化物酶(POD)活性的测定 12
第三章 结果与分析 13
3.1三种PGPR在苜蓿根际的定殖 13
3.2不同菌悬液对苜蓿存活率的影响 14
3.3不同菌悬液对苜蓿干重的影响 15
3.4不同菌悬液对苜蓿株高的影响 16
3.5不同菌悬液对苜蓿叶面积的影响 17
3.6不同菌悬液对苜蓿酶活性的影响 18
3.6.1不同菌悬液对苜蓿MDA含量的影响 18
3.6.2不同菌悬液对苜蓿SOD活性的影响 19
3.6.3不同菌悬液对苜蓿POD活性的影响 20
第四章 总结与展望 21
4.1实验结论 21
4.1.1 PGPR的根际定殖实验 21
4.1.2苜蓿盆栽土培实验 21
4.2展望 22
参考文献 23
致 谢 27
第一章 文献综述
1.1植物根际促生菌简介
植物根际促生菌(Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR)是一类存在于植物根际土壤中或者直接依附在植物根部的有益于植物生长的菌类[1]。PGPR对植物生长具有良好的促进作用,其中一些菌株通过合成植物激素直接促进植物生长;另一些菌株通过将植物难以吸收的无机物转化为有机物,提高植物对土壤中营养物质的利用率间接促进植物生长;还有一些菌株能缓解植物受病害的影响,它们通过释放挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)对植物病害进行防护。因此,PGPR可以作为绿色可持续发展的、环境友好的新型肥料代替传统的农药和化肥,在促进农作物生长、植物防病减病、植物抗旱耐盐等领域发挥重要的作用[2]。
1.2 PGPR的定殖能力
1.2.1 PGPR根际定殖的定义
植物的根具有为植物供给水分、吸收植物生长所必须的营养物质等功能。植物的根部及其周边土壤环境是PGPR的重要营养来源。PGPR发挥其功能的前提是吸附在植物的根部,并形成良好的生长环境。植物的不同分泌物可以作为多种化学信号诱导植物根际形成不同的菌落群[3]。改变植物根际的土壤成分,或者诱导植物改变分泌物,都会对PGPR的种类和生理特性产生影响[4]。
目前被广泛认可的PGPR根际定殖(root colonization)的定义是:根际定殖是指在有土著微生物存在的情况下,接种到植物种子或是其他繁殖体表面的菌株在植物根部定居并繁殖的能力。整个过程包括:实验菌株的接入、接种菌株与植物上原有野生菌的相互竞争、接种菌株与植物根际原有体系的相互适应[5]。
1.2.2影响PGPR根际定殖的因素
非生物学因素:土壤的结构、粘土的占比、颗粒大小、pH值、温度、湿度等[6]。
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