论文总字数：16465字

摘 要

静电有利有害，如果因为静电出现过高的电阻，就容易产生严重的危害。比如微小的电火花就可能引起可燃气体和灰尘的燃烧或爆炸。因此，控制和消除静电尤为重要。为了使聚合物材料具有抗静电性能，本论文用鼠李糖脂对聚合物材料PC、PE、PP、ABS、PDMS、PVC、Nylon、PMMA、PBT、PS、PTFE进行表面改性，从而使这些聚合物材料获得持久的抗静电性能。本文主要研究内容如下：

首先，在各聚合物的的惰性表面引入活性功能团，采用涂覆的方式将鼠李糖脂的疏水基团结合到聚合物材料的表面进行聚合物材料的表面改性。

对改性前后的聚合物材料分别进行傅立叶变换红外光谱测试、表面带电量测试、接触角测量、表面电阻率测试、小纸屑吸附模型测试以及以DPPH为模型的自由基测试实验。

傅立叶变换红外光谱测试的结果表示鼠李糖脂对聚合物材料具有良好的吸附性；不同湿度下对用鼠李糖脂处理前后的聚合物材料表面电荷量的测量结果显示鼠李糖脂可以有效减少聚合物表面的电荷量。在此进一步通过进行接触角的测量和表面电阻率测试，测量结果显示经鼠李糖脂处理过的聚合物的接触角和表面电阻率明显小于未经鼠李糖脂处理的聚合物材料，说明鼠李糖脂可以提高聚合物材料表面的亲水性，从而降低了材料表面的电阻率，促进了材料表面的抗静电性能。分析处理前后的聚合物材料在不同湿度下进行了电阻率测量，结果显示低湿度下的电阻率比高湿度下的电阻率高两个数量级，表明除了亲水性提高以外还存在其他的抗静电原理。以DPPH为模型进行自由基测试，结果表明鼠李糖脂具有消除自由基的作用。另外，为了测试鼠李糖脂抗静电涂层的耐受性，以小纸屑为模型进行测试，结果显示鼠李糖脂抗静电涂层耐受性较强。

综合以上实验结果可以得出结论：基于鼠李糖脂构建的抗静电涂层具有良好的抗静电性且普适性强。

关键词：鼠李糖脂 抗静电 表面电阻率 自由基

Antistatic properties of biosurfactant rhamnolipid on polymeric materials

Abstract

Most of the polymer material has good electrical insulating properties, however, when using, transporting or storage these polymers, they can cause the attractive force and repulsive force. Sometimes they produce electric shocks, even sparks. It is easy to cause serious harm if the electric resistance is too high. A tiny spark can cause combustion or explosion of combustible gas, steam and dust. Therefore, it is more important to control and prevent static electricity. In order to make the polymer surface antistatic, in this thesis, we use rhamnolipid to modify the surface of PC, PE, PP, ABS, PDMS, PBT, PS, PVC, Nylon, PMMA, PTFE, so that the polymer material gain permanent antistatic performance. The main contents of this paper are as follows:

First of all, combine the hydrophobic groups of rhamnolipid with the surface of the polymers through coating.

The coated and uncoated polymer materials’ FuLiye transform infrared spectroscopy, surface charge, contact angle, surface resistivity were tested. Free radical test experiment of DPPH model was carried out.

The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the rhamnolipids have good adsorption to polymer materials; the measurement of the surface charge of polymer materials coated and uncoated with rhamnolipid at different humidity shows that rhamnolipid can be effective Reduce the amount of charge on the polymer surface. After that, by measuring the contact angle and measuring the surface resistivity, we have known that the contact angle and the surface resistivity of the polymer treated with rhamnolipid are significantly smaller than those of the polymer material not treated with rhamnolipid. Rhamnolipids can increase the hydrophilicity of the surface of the polymer material. The resistivity measurements of both coated and uncoated polymer materials were carried out under different humidity conditions. The results showed

that the resistivity at low humidity was higher than that at the higher humidity, indicating that in addition to the increase in hydrophilicity, there were other antistatic principle. The free radical test was performed using DPPH as a model. The results showed that rhamnolipids have the effect of eliminating free radicals. In addition, in order to test the tolerability of the rhamnolipid antistatic coating, small pieces of paper were used as a model for testing, and the results showed that the anti-electrostatic coating of rhamnolipids has good tolerance.

Based on the above experimental results, it can be concluded that rhamnolipid can improve the antistatic performance of polymer materials and it can be used on various field.

keywords: Ramnolipid; antistatic; surface resistivity; radicals

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 引言 1

第二章 文献综述 2

2.1 静电的危害 2

2.2 静电预防的原理 2

2.2.1 减少摩擦 2

2.2.2 静电损失 3

2.2.3 消除自由基 3

2.3 静电的预防方法 4

2.3.1 添加导电材料 4

2.3.2 添加抗静电剂法 4

2.4 目前静电预防方法的弊端 5

2.4.1 无机导电材料 6

2.4.2 内混型抗静电剂 6

2.4.3 外涂型抗静电剂 6

2.5 鼠李糖脂 7

2.5.1 鼠李糖脂的结构 7

2.5.2 鼠李糖脂的结构特性 7

2.5.3 鼠李糖脂作为抗静电剂的优点 7

2.5.4 鼠李糖脂的特性及其抗静电机理 8

2.6 课题来源及研究内容 8

2.6.1 课题来源 8

2.6.2 本课题研究内容 8

第三章 基于鼠李糖脂在聚合物材料表面进行抗静电涂层的构建及其应用研究 9

3.1 实验材料及试剂 9

3.1.1 聚合物材料 9

3.1.2 实验试剂 10

3.2 实验器材及设备 10

3.3 实验步骤 11

3.3.1 聚合物材料的预处理 11

3.3.2 聚合物材料抗静电涂层的制备 11

3.3.3傅立叶变换红外光谱测试 11

3.3.4 表面带电量的测定 11

3.3.5 接触角的测量 11

3.3.6 表面电阻率的测定 12

3.3.7 自由基的检测 12

3.3.8 鼠李糖脂抗静电涂层对DPPH 的作用 12

3.3.9 鼠李糖脂抗静电涂层的耐受性 12

第四章 结果与讨论 13

4.1 傅立叶变换红外光谱测试 13

4.2 表面电荷密度的测定 13

4.3 接触角的测定 15

4.4 表面电阻率的测定 16

4.5 自由基测试 17

4.6 耐受性实验 18

第五章 结语与展望 20

5.1 结语 20

5.2展望 20

致谢 21

参考文献 22

第一章 引言

静电普遍存在，虽然静电使得人们的生活得到了许多方面的改善，但其在工业生产过程当中带来的危害不可小视。静电荷不多会吸附空气中的灰尘，但静电较大则会引起严重的灾难，如火灾和爆炸。在科学技术高度发达的今天，静电危害遍及各个领域，使我们有必要引起相当的重视。

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