代谢工程改造解脂耶氏酵母异源合成3-羟基丙酸的研究毕业论文
2020-04-26 12:55:30
摘 要
3-羟基丙酸(3-hydroxypropionic acid,3-HP)是一种三碳非手性有机酸。它是乳酸的同分异构体,但性质更为活泼。可以作为原料合成丙烯酸、丙二酸等多种化工产品,同时也是一种食品添加剂和防腐剂。
解脂耶氏酵母(Yarrowia lipolytica)是一种富含油脂的菌种,油脂含量高于细胞干重的36%。因此该菌株用于异源合成3-HP有天然优势。本实验用解脂耶氏酵母作为宿主,敲除油脂合成关键酶基因DGA2并导入3-HP合成关键酶基因MCR,实现了3-HP在解脂耶氏酵母中的异源合成。
主要结论如下:
(1)本实验采用了URA Blaster敲除方法,阻断了产油的表达途径,抗性筛选和凝胶电泳表示敲除成功并稳定遗传。敲除前后的120小时生物量分别为10.5g/L和9.7g/L表明菌体正常繁殖代谢并未受到敲除影响。这些结果表明在解脂耶氏酵母切除基因是可行的。
(2)后续的MCR基因导入后生物量和糖耗未受明显影响,但产酸量大约在61.51mg/L,比起现有其他方法生产数据并不突出,但相较于原始菌株室友提升的。表明在解脂耶氏酵母中导入基因可行,但表达还需优化。
关键词:解脂耶氏酵母; 3-羟基丙酸; 代谢工程
Abstract
3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a three-carbon achiral organic acid. It is an isomer of lactic acid, but more active. It can be used as a raw material to synthesize various chemical products such as acrylic acid and malonic acid. It is also a food additive and preservative.
Yarrowia lipolytica is a lipid-rich strain with a fat content greater than 36% of the dry weight of the cells. Therefore, this strain has a natural advantage for heterologous synthesis of 3-HP. In this experiment, Y. lipolytica was used as a host to knock out the key enzyme gene DGA2 of oil synthesis and introduce the key enzyme gene MCR of 3-HP to realize the heterologous synthesis of 3-HP in Yarrowia lipolytica.
The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) This experiment used the URA Blaster knockout method to block the expression pathway of oil production. Resistance screening and gel electrophoresis indicated that the knockout was successful and stable. The 120-hour biomass before and after knockout was 10.5 g/L and 9.7 g/L, respectively, indicating that the normal reproductive metabolism of the cells was not affected by knockout. These results indicate that it is feasible to excise the gene in Yarrowia lipolytica.
(2) The biomass and sugar consumption of the subsequent MCR gene were not significantly affected, but the acid yield was about 61.51 mg/L, which was not prominent compared with other existing methods, but it was improved compared with the original strain. of. It indicates that it is feasible to introduce genes in Yarrowia lipolytica, but the expression needs to be optimized.
KEYWORDS: 3-hydroxypropionic acid; Yarrowia lipolytica; Metabolic engineering
目 录
摘 要 II
Abstract III
第一章 文献综述 1
1.1 3-羟基丙酸概述 1
1.2 3-羟基丙酸生产方式 1
1.2.1 化学合成法 1
1.2.2生物合成法 1
1.3解脂耶氏酵母简介 5
1.3.1 解脂耶氏酵母简介 5
1.3.2 解脂耶氏酵母产油途径 6
1.3.3 DAG酰基转移酶对产油和代谢的影响 7
1.4 课题意义和研究内容 7
第二章 解脂耶氏酵母异源合成3-羟基丙酸 8
2.1 实验准备 8
2.1.1 实验所需试剂 8
2.1.2 实验所需仪器和设备 9
2.1.3 细胞培养条件 10
2.2 载体的构建 11
2.2.1 dga2敲除质粒 11
2.2.2 MCR导入质粒 12
2.3 转化解脂耶氏酵母 13
2.3.1乙酸锂法制备解脂耶氏酵母感受态 13
2.3.2 转化解脂耶氏酵母细胞感受态 14
2.4 抗性平板筛选 14
2.4.1 DGA2敲除后筛选 14
2.4.2 MCR导入后筛选 14
第三章 结果与分析 16
3.1 电泳验证 16
3.2 产油菌数据分析 16
3.2.1对Po1f-△ku70和Po1f-△ku70-△dga2菌株进行糖耗检测 16
3.2.2对Po1f-△ku70和Po1f-△ku70-△dga2菌株进行生物量检测 17
3.2.3 数据分析 17
3.3 产酸菌数据分析 17
3.3.1 糖耗和生物量测量 17
3.3.2 数据分析 17
3.3.3 液相测量3-HP产量 18
第四章 结论与展望 19
4.1 结论 19
4.2 展望 19
致 谢 20
参考文献 21
第一章 文献综述
1.1 3-羟基丙酸概述
3-羟基丙酸(3HP)是一种极具吸引力的平台化学品,可作为丙烯酸酯和丙烯酰胺等各种化学品的前体,以及可生物降解塑料的聚羟基链烷酸酯[[1]][[2]][[3]][[4]][[5]]。为了可持续地生产,近年来人们转向了研究3HP的发酵生产。据相关报道,3HP可以由几种中间体产生,例如甘油,丙二酸单酰辅酶A和β-丙氨酸。在所有这些生物合成途径中,丙二酸单酰辅酶A途径具有一些明显的优点,包括广泛的原料来源,热力学可行性和氧化还原中性。然而,由于其高生产成本,3HP的商业应用受到限制[[6]][[7]]。迄今为止,该途径已在包括大肠杆菌在内的各种物种中成功构建。这些成果表明了未来3HP及其衍生物商业化大量低价生产的可行性[[8]][[9]]。
1.2 3-羟基丙酸生产方式
1.2.1 化学合成法
在30℃条件下,将3-羟基丙腈加入NaOH溶液中,反应产物在低压条件下蒸发至干,并继续加热直至产物成糊状。降温冷却,加入H2SO4,搅拌,用乙醚萃取产物中的3-羟基丙酸,乙醚用低压蒸馏去除,得到含75-80%的3-羟基丙酸的糊状产物。
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