1. 毕业设计（论文）的内容和要求

1.阅读文献以及综述，阅读与课题相关的国内外文献，了解国内外的研究成果。

2.熟练掌握实验技能，了解课题的相关知识。

3.明确实验任务，做好实验规划。

2. 参考文献

ZELLE R M, de HULSTER E, van WINDEN W A, et al. Malic acid production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: engineering of pyruvate carboxylation, oxaloacetate reduction, and malate export[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2008, 74(9): 2766-2777 BATTAT E, PELEG Y, BERCOVITZ A, et al. Optimization of L-malic acid production by Aspergillus fl avus in a stirred fermentor[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1991, 37: 1108-1116. Abbott D A, Zelle R M, Pronk J T, et al. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of carboxylic acids: current status and challenges[J]. FEMS Yeast Res, 2009, 9(8): 1123-1136. NAKAYAMA S, TABATA K, OBA T, et al. Characteristics of the high malic acid production mechanism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae sake yeast strain No. 28[J]. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2012, 114(3): 281-285 PINES O, EVEN RAM S, ELNATHAN N, et al, The cytosolic pathway of L-malic acid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the role of fumarase[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1996,46: 393-399

3. 毕业设计（论文）进程安排

1、了解课题，完成文献翻译和开题报告 2、通过单因素实验找到最适的发酵条件 3、探究利用分批补料的方式提高苹果酸的产量 4、完成毕业论文和毕业答辩