武汉理工大学毕业设计（论文）

几株天牛肠道菌用于造纸废水处理的研究

学院（系）：化生学院

专业班级：生物技术专业1201班

学生姓名：马兜

指导教师：熊燕飞

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Abstract

The negative impact of industrial water on the environment is now a real threat to the balance of our planet. Groundwater and rivers are every day more and more threatening what may in a few years be an ecological and human catastrophe. In a world where the paper industry is expanding, large quantities of water are used throughout the production process. The water is used during preparation and pulp bleaching, for boiler feed and cooling system, therefore it must consecutively handle large volumes of wastewater and sludge. Papermaking wastewater is a difficult one kind of waste water treatment, the use of conventional waste water treatment methods such shortcomings, we are trying to deal with microbes. Several laboratories will lignin-degrading bacteria were cultured for 2 days activated, when on solid medium can be observed with the naked eye, then streaked through each inoculated into the culture medium to obtain single colonies of domesticated. In a stereoscopic microscope to observe the single colony morphology, microscopic observation of single colonies hyphae and bacterial cells by asbestos blue staining. Then strain was inoculated into the liquid medium, the observation of their lignin degradation.

Through experiments, a single colony obtained several bacteria observe their size and shape. We observed through a microscope to the bacterial cell morphology of each strain. In liquid culture by absorbance changes in estimated bacteria on lignin degradation.

KEY WORDS: wastewater；microorganism；degradation

CONTENT

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Papermaking wastewater Profile 1

1.2 Situation Papermaking Wastewater Treatment (physical and chemical biological) 5

1.2.1physical Traitement  5

1.2.2Chemical treatment 6

1.2.3Biological treatment 6

1.3 Meaningtheuse of microbial degradation of papermakingwastewater 8

2 Reagents, Instruments and methode 10

2.1Reagents and Instruments 10

2.1.1 Instruments 11

2.2 Method 11

2.2.1 Activation and domestication 11

2.2.2 Single colonies were cultured for observing 12

2.2.3 Observation Form 13

2.2.4 Efficiency of the degradation of lignin 14

3Results and discussion 15

3.1Macroscopic Study 15

3.2 Analysis and Interpretation culture of bacterie 21

3.3 Discussion 25

4 Conclusion and outlock 26

4.1 Conclusion 26

4.2 Outlock 27

5 References 27

6 Acknowledgement 30

1 Introduction

1.1 Papermaking wastewater Profile

The paper industry has always been one of the major users of water in modern industry, therefore one of the most important sources of water pollution. Papermaking produces a large amount of wastewater is about 60 m³ / tonne of paper produced. Raw sewage of paper and board mills is potentially highly polluting.

Indeed, a recent survey in the paper industry has found that their chemical oxygen demand may reach 11,000 mg / l. Water is used to dissolve the raw materials used in the production of paper as additives and chemicals used throughout the production chain. The current volume of emissions of COD in waste water from the paper industry is in the first place in all kinds of industrial emissions. The environmental pollution by water from the paper industry is every year more and more worrying. It appears not only among the most important issues of the paper at the prevention and fight against pollution industry in China, but is also the most important treatment standards for levels of industrial waste waters.

According to statistics, the total discharge of industrial waste water emissions from industry represents 18.6% with paper and products. So that the part of the paper processing industry in accordance this waste water with total issuance of 49.3%, representing about half of the industrial effluents. The paper industry currently represents 50% of total emissions of untreated wastewater. World production of paper and board was around 600 million tonnes. Despite new electronic means, since we observe a steady increase of 2.5% per year of paper production. In addition to economic benefits, the consumption of paper has cultural value of the place it occupies in the recording and dissemination of information.

The wastewater treatment is a major problem that severely impacts on pollution. This wastewater is mostly discharged into aquatic environments used as natural outlets. Brought into contact with the receiving environment, raw sewage generate adverse effects such as removing foul odours or disruption of the ecological balance of the natural environment, especially pollution of surface water and groundwater and that little be a health risk.

Papermaking requires logs from the forest. The industry of pulp and paper benefits from the sawmill, branches, tops and cutting waste. Wood is composed of two distinct elements: the inner part, that is to say the valuable cellulose fibber, and the outer portion, that is the bark. Paper industry made from wood, straw, reeds, rags and other raw materials, high-pressure high-temperature cooking and isolated cellulose, pulped.

Bark, it can be subject to different types of treatment to produce pulp for the paper industry. Pulp and waste paper refers to the cooking liquid waste (known as black liquor, red liquid) produced by chemical pulping. The washing process of the pulp in paper manufacture is by bleaching with water to produce a white paste. The result of this process water can have a serious impact on the environment. Generally, even if the amount of water used depends on the plants, depending primarily on the manufacturing process used, it takes an average of 58 cubic meters of water to produce one ton of paper or cardboard. In withdrawing, the net return down to 50%, for a fibber with good strength but less opaque.

For the debarking, it is possible to reduce discharges of organic compounds and suspended solids by causing uses dry debarking. The dry debarking rotates the timber in water and remove the bark by friction against the wall of a drum. This method requires large quantities of water. It takes between 3 to 10 m3 of water per ton of pulp. Organic compounds such as resin acids, fatty acids, etc. and highly collared materials are leached from the bark and are found in the effluent. In recent years many factory use a dry debarking system. The water of trial only used to wash logs and icing and is recycled effectively with minimal waste and water pollutants. This method reduces the amount of water used to the fact of shelling a small amount of dissolved organic substances. With dry debarking, the total COD load can be reduced up to 10%.