论文总字数：26585字

摘 要

矿业的发展促进了文明的进步，社会的发展伴随着对矿山采矿强度的增大和诸多废弃矿山的产生，随之而来的是一系列生态问题和环境问题。废弃矿山不仅会造成区域环境的污染，矿区地下含水层破坏和土地资源的浪费，甚至带来矿山地质灾害和安全隐患，因此，对废弃矿山进行生态修复势在必行。

针对我国矿山的环境特点，利用城市污泥经过处理后形成的污泥堆肥对废弃矿山中的土壤进行改良，并在这种改良土壤上种植一种速生丰产林(国桐)，在短期内即可达到优良的修复效果。在此基础上，本文以人工组培的第四代泡桐幼苗对实验对象，同时利用污泥堆肥改良矿山矿坑的土壤条件，采用控制变量和平行实验的方法，对比不同种植条件下国桐示范林在废弃矿山中的生长情况，旨在为城市污泥消纳和废弃矿山生态修复提供一种思路，在废弃矿山建立一种修复时间短，修复效果好的生态修复模式。

论文主要研究了国桐林在不同种植密度、不同追肥频率、不同污泥堆肥和土壤混合比例及不同整地条件下的生长情况，通过对各组国桐平均树高，平均胸径和平均地径三个生长指标的数据分析，结果表明在适当种植条件下，国桐在矿山改良土壤上的生长情况极其优秀，采用栽植国桐为核心，污泥堆肥为辅助的矿山生态修复方案可行性强，效果好。

关键词：矿山；生态修复；国桐；种植条件

Abstract

The development of mining industry promotes the progress of civilization. With the increase of mining intensity and the emergence of many abandoned mines, the development of society is accompanied by a series of ecological and environmental problems. Abandoned mines will not only pollute the regional environment, destroy the underground aquifers and waste the land resources, but also bring geological disasters and safety risks. Therefore, it is imperative to carry out ecological restoration of abandoned mines.

According to the environmental characteristics of mines in China, using the sludge compost formed after the treatment of urban sludge to improve the soil in abandoned mines, and planting a fast-growing and high-yield forest (Chinese Tung) on the improved soil can achieve excellent restoration effect in a short period of time. On this basis, the fourth generation Paulownia cultivated by artificial tissue culture were used as the experimental objects. Meanwhile, sludge composting was used to improve the soil conditions of the mine pit. By using the methods of control variables and parallel experiments, the growth of Chinese Tung demonstration forest in the abandoned mine under different planting conditions was compared. The purpose of this paper is to provide a way for the urban sludge absorption and ecological restoration of the abandoned mine, and establish an ecological restoration model with short time and good effect in the mine.

This paper mainly studies the growth of Chinese Tung forest under different planting density, different top dressing frequency, different sludge composting and soil mixing ratio and different land preparation conditions. Through the data analysis of three growth indexes of Chinese Tung forest in each group, i.e. average tree height, average DBH and average ground diameter, the results show that under the appropriate planting conditions, the growth of Chinese Tung on the improved soil is extremely excellent, and the mine ecological restoration plan with planting Guotong as the core and sludge compost as the auxiliary is feasible and effective.

Key Words:Mining; ecological restoration; Chinese Tung; planting conditions

目 录

1. 绪论...................................................................................................................................1

1.1 矿山生态修复的研究背景及意义................................................................................1

1.2 国桐概况.........................................................................................................................2

1.3 污泥堆肥的应用.............................................................................................................2

1.4 国桐栽植辅以污泥堆肥的营养学和土壤学理论依据................................................4

第2章 实验方案设计及研究过程................................................................................................5

2.1 实验地概况.....................................................................................................................5

2.1 材料选取.........................................................................................................................5

2.2.1 实验对象.............................................................................................................5

2.2.2 仪器设备.............................................................................................................5

2.2.3 实验试剂.............................................................................................................5

2.3 实验方案.........................................................................................................................5

2.3.1 场地准备与规划.................................................................................................7

2.3.2 实验苗准备.........................................................................................................7

2.3.3 生长量测定.........................................................................................................9

2.4 实验内容.........................................................................................................................9

2.4.1 种植密度.............................................................................................................9

2.4.2 追肥频率.............................................................................................................9

2.4.3 污泥堆肥比例...................................................................................................10

2.4.4 污泥堆肥和复合肥的混用...............................................................................10

2.4.5 整地条件...........................................................................................................11

第3章 结果及分析......................................................................................................................12

3.1 种植密度对国桐生长的影响......................................................................................12

3.2 追肥频率对国桐生长的影响.......................................................................................13

3.3 污泥堆肥比例对国桐生长的影响...............................................................................14

3.4 污泥堆肥和复合肥的混用对国桐生长的影响...........................................................15

3.5 整地条件对国桐生长的影响.......................................................................................15

第4章 结论..................................................................................................................................16

第5章 未来展望..........................................................................................................................19

参考文献.......................................................................................................................................20

致谢...............................................................................................................................................24

第1章 绪论

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