论文总字数：14916字

摘 要

水蛭是一种常见的水生动物，提取素为水蛭素，具有抗凝血、抗癌、抗压抗肿瘤等作用，在医学上经常用来医治血脂病和血压病等多种疾病。近年来人们对水蛭的研究逐渐深入，因此，水蛭在临床医药等领域的作用逐渐增加，所以相对来说，这几年市场上对其需求量迅速扩大。不过近年来水污染的肆意增重，加之人工干预，水蛭的野生资源逐年减少，所以，我们有义务研究并进行人工养殖水蛭。水蛭的种类很多，识别水蛭是进行深入研究的第一步，而繁殖就是要让其数量变多，因而对生殖系统的研究更加重要，让其发挥更大的经济和医用价值。因此本研究通过形态结构对陌生水蛭进行归类以及对其生殖系统进行组织切片研究。

（1）本文首先研究一种不知名的洪泽湖野生水蛭，通过观察它的形态结构进行了鉴定分类。采用人工养殖观察，显微观察，查阅资料，以及测量和解剖等措施进行鉴定得出结论。结果表明，从它的外观结构观察来看，这种野生水蛭在体长、体型、身体正反面的颜色和条纹方面，加其他一些特征，按照界、门、纲、目、科、属、种逐级确定，最容易鉴定出此野生水蛭为动物界的环节动物门，也属于蛭纲，在观察过程中再对比实验中水蛭的形态和查阅相关资料可以判断出是无吻蛭目和医蛭形亚目，结合杨潼《中国动物志》里相关的描述，可以确定是黄蛭科，此科中又可分为金线蛭属和黄蛭属，根据材料的形态可确定是金线蛭属，最后综合对比鉴定为宽体金线蛭。

（2）确定需要鉴定实验材料的类别后，然后进行解剖，这一过程主要是观察其生殖系统，通过解剖观察，对照相关资料识别雄性生殖器官和雌性生殖器官的形态，然后画出各器官之间的大致联系结构。观察之后对生殖系统的重要器官制作组织切片进行深入研究，将解剖过的水蛭分别取其储精囊，卵巢，阴茎，射精球等器官进行组织切片的制作，进行更深一步的观察。

关键词：水蛭，鉴定，生殖系统组织切片

Abstract: Leech is a common aquatic animals, extracts of Hirudin, with anticoagulant, anti-cancer, compressive and anti-tumor effects, often used in medicine to treat dyslipidemia and blood pressure disease and other diseases. In recent years, people"s research on Leech has been deepened, so the role of Leech in clinical medicine is increasing gradually, so the demand for it has expanded rapidly in the past few years. However, in recent years the wanton weight gain of water pollution, coupled with manual intervention, Leech"s wild resources have been reduced year in, so we have the obligation to study and carry out artificial breeding leeches. There are many kinds of leeches, the identification of leeches is the first step in the in-depth study, and breeding is to make its number more, so the study of reproductive system more important, let it play a greater economic and medical value. Therefore, this study classifies the strange leech by morphological structure and studies the tissue section of its reproductive system.

(1) This paper first studies an unknown wild leech of Hongze Lake, and classifies it by observing its morphological structure. The results were obtained by means of artificial culture observation, microscopic observation, data access, measurement and anatomy. The results show that, from the view of its appearance structure, this wild leech in body length, shape, the color and stripes of the opposite side, plus some other features, according to the boundaries, doors, outline, head, branch, genus, species of stepwise determination, the most easily identified the wild leeches for the animal Kingdom of the links of animals, also belong to the vermiculite, In the observation process, the morphology of the leech and the relevant data can be used to determine the non-kissing vermiculite and the medical vermiculite. Combined with the relevant description in the Yang Yi "Chinese fauna", it can be determined that the Huang, which may be divided into golden line vermiculite and the genus, according to the form of the material can be determined to be the golden line of vermiculite, Finally, the comprehensive comparison was identified as broad body Gold Line vermiculite.

(2) Determine the need to identify the material category, and then were dissected, this process is mainly to observe the reproductive system, through anatomical observation, morphological identification control related data of male reproductive organs and female reproductive organs, and then draw the general structure among the various organs. After the observation of vital organs on the reproductive system of the tissue sections were made for further study, the anatomy of leech were obtained from seminal vesicle, ovary, penis, make ejaculation ball tissue slices were observed, further.

Keywords:Leech， Appraisal，The reproductive system of tissue sections

目 录

1 前言 7

1.1宽体金线蛭的生物学特性 7

1.2宽体金线蛭的生活习性 7

1.3宽体金线蛭的繁殖习性 8

1.4宽体金线蛭的药用价值 8

1.5宽体金线蛭的经济价值 9

2 材料与方法 10

2.1 实验材料 10

2.2 方法 10

2.2.1 取材 10

2.2.2 脱水 10

2.2.3 透明 11

2.2.4 浸蜡 11

2.2.5 包埋 11

2.2.6 切片 11

2.2.7 染色 12

2.2.8 封片 13

2.2.9 烤片 13

2.2.10显微观察及摄影 13

3.结果 13

讨论 19

参 考 文 献 21

致 谢 23

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