论文总字数：15996字

摘 要

赖氨酸又称L-赖氨酸、溶氨酸等，是人类和动物营养中最重要的必需氨基酸之一。自20世纪60年代初实现工业化生产以来，赖氨酸的生产技术不断进步，市场价格逐步走低。目前，全球赖氨酸产量已达240余万吨，仅次于谷氨酸，成为全球产量第二大氨基酸品种。表面活性剂是一种重要的精细化学品，素有“工业味精”之称，己渗透到人们生活的方方面面及国民经济的各个部门。虽然传统的脂肪酸系列的表面活性剂有着良好的增泡、稳泡、增稠、去污及乳化等性能，但由于其对人体具有一定的刺激性和毒性，并对环境造成某种程度上的污染，因此在许多日用化学品中的应用受到了限制。研究合成多功能、高质量、环境友好的新型表面活性剂，开发配制优良的洗涤剂及日化产品，是当前国际上表面活性剂发展的总趋势。我国也将开发以天然可再生资源为原料的新型功能性表面活性剂列入发展的重点。氨基酸型表面活性剂是一种类蛋白质的表面活性剂，除了具有表面活性剂的润湿、乳化、发泡、增溶、洗涤、分散等基本性能外，更重要的是具有低刺激性、低毒性、柔和性、抗菌性、缓蚀防锈性、生物降解性及对人体较好的亲和性，而与其它配料的广泛配伍性也是其它表面活性剂所不及的。

本文以赖氨酸环合制得α-氨基-ε-己内酰胺，α-氨基-ε-己内酰胺与酰氯反应得到N^α-酰基氨基己内酰胺，最后将N^α-酰基氨基己内酰胺开环，调PH得到阴离子型或阳离子型Nα-酰基赖氨酸类表面活性剂。该赖氨酸类表面活性剂拥有良好的表面活性，合成操作简单，临界胶束浓度低，热稳定性强，绿色无毒，易于生物降解，可广泛用于药剂学、化妆品、生物医药等行业，具有广阔的市场前景。将N^α-酰基赖氨酸类表面活性剂进行了表面性能、泡沫性能和乳化性能的研究。此法的优越性在于可在较温和的条件下反应，并可进一步获得较高产率的纯化合物，工艺流程简单，可减少设备投资及生产成本，并能达到较高收率。

关键词: 赖氨酸 N^α-酰基赖氨酸类表面活性剂 表面性能

Study on preparation and properties of lysine based surfactants

Abstract

Lysine also known as L- lysine， soluble ammonia， etc.， is one of the most important essential amino acids in human and animal nutrition. Since the beginning of twentieth Century 60's industrialization production， lysine production technology continues to progress， the market prices gradually lower. At present， the global lysine output has reached more than 240 tons， second only to become the world's second major production of glutamic acid， amino acid. Surfactant is important fine chemicals， known as "industrial MSG"， said that has penetrated into the people's lives and the various departments of the national economy. Although traditional fatty acid series of surfactants have good foam， foam stability， increase thick， decontamination and emulsifying ability， but because it has some irritation and toxicity to human and to the environment caused some degree of pollution， so in many chemicals application is restricted. Research on the new surfactants， high quality and friendly environment， develop fine detergent and chemical products， is the general trend of the development of surfactants in the world.. China will also develop a new functional surfactant as raw material for the development of the focus. Amino acid type surface active agent is a kind of protein surfactant， except with surfactant wetting， emulsification， foaming， solubilization， washing， dispersion basic performance， the more important is with low irritation， low toxicity， soft， antibacterial property， corrosion rust， biodegradability and the human good affinity， and with the other ingredients of wide compatibility and other surface active agent than .

This paper to lysine cyclization of to alpha amino epsilon caprolactam， alpha amino epsilon caprolactam reacts with acyl chloride obtained n alpha acylamino caprolactam， the N alpha acylamino caprolactam ring opening， adjusting pH by anionic or cationic n alpha - acyl lysine amino acids surfactants. The amino acids surface active agent has good surface activity， simple synthetic operation， the critical micelle concentration of low， high thermal stability， green， non-toxic， biodegradable， and can be widely used in pharmacy， cosmetics， biological medicine industry， with broad market prospects. The surface properties， foaming properties and emulsifying properties of the N - based lysine surfactants were studied.. The advantage of this method lies in can react under mild conditions， and further to obtain higher yield of pure compounds， simple process flow， reduce equipment investment and production cost， and can achieve high yield.

Keywords: lysine; lysine based surfactants; surface activity of surfactants

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1 赖氨酸 1

1.2 表面活性剂 1

1.3氨基酸型表面活性剂 2

1.3.1 氨基酸型表面活性剂结构分类 2

1.3.2 氨基酸型表面活性剂合成方法 4

1.2.3 氨基酸型表面活性剂发展方向 5

第二章 实验部分 6

2.1 实验仪器和实验试剂 6

2.2 实验过程 7

2.2.1N^α-酰基氨基己内酰胺合成 7

2.2.2合成表面活性剂的性能表征 8

第三章 结果与讨论 10

3.1 N^α-酰基氨基己内酰胺合成 10

3.1.1 ACL盐酸盐的合成 10

3.1.2 N^α-酰基氨基己内酰胺的制备 10

3.1.3 N^α-酰基赖氨酸的制备 10

3.2 合成表面活性剂的性能测试 11

3.2.1表面性能的测定 11

3.2.2泡沫性能的测定 11

3.2.3乳化能力的测定 12

3.3结论 13

第四章 展望 14

参考文献 15

附 录 17

致 谢 19

第一章 文献综述

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