摘 要

水的析氧反应(Oxygen evolution reaction,OER)是通过电催化水氧化产生氧气的过程，是能源转换与存储领域的重要反应，涉及到水分解制氢、燃料电池和金属-空气二次电池等领域。在电催化氧化水的过程中，高效电催化剂具有降低反应所需活化能和加快反应速率的重要作用。本文提出了一种利用溶剂热的方法合成二维钴镍氢氧化物电催化剂的方案。在加热条件下，将硝酸钴、硝酸镍与甲醇溶剂混合制备出二维层状钴镍氢氧化物。结果表明, Ru³ 和石墨烯的引入使得二维钴镍氢氧化物在碱性溶液中对于析氧反应表现出高活性,其在0.1mol的KOH溶液中的起始电位为1.45V，电流密度为10mA/cm² 时超电势0.39V，Tafel 斜率为185.7 mV/dec，证明了本方案制备的二维钴镍氢氧化物经性能调控或具有成为析氧反应高效电催化剂的潜力。

关键词:析氧反应；二维钴镍氢氧化物；电催化；石墨烯、Ru³

Abstract

Water Oxygen evolution reaction (Oxygen evolution reaction, OER) is produced by electric water oxidation process, which is an important reaction in the field of energy conversion and storage, involving water decomposition hydrogen production, fuel cell and metal - air secondary battery, etc. In the process of water oxidation by electrocatalysis, high efficiency electrocatalyzer plays an important role in reducing activation energy and accelerating reaction rate. This paper puts forward a strategy of synthesis of two-dimensional cobalt nickel metal hydride oxide catalyst using solvothermal method. Cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate and methanol solvent are the raw materials for the preparation of cobalt nickel metal hydride oxide. Results show that the Ru³ and the introduction of the graphene make two-dimensional cobalt nickel metal hydride oxide for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline solution is highly active. The onset potential for OER is 1.45 V in 0.1 mol of KOH solution, the overpotential at current density of 10 mA/cm² is 1.62 V, Tafel slope is 185.7 mV/dec. It proves that the preparation of two-dimensional cobalt nickel metal hydride oxide has the potential of efficiently catalyzing oxygen evolution reaction .

Key Words: Oxygen dissociation reaction; Two- dimensional cobalt nickel hydroxide; electrocatalyst; Graphene;Ru³

目 录

1. 绪论..........................................................................................................................1

1.1 引言.........................................................................................................................1

1.2 电催化制氧过程及机理.........................................................................................1

1.2.1 析氧反应过程...........................................................................................................2

1.3 层状双金属氢氧化物............................................................................................2

1.3.1 层状双金属氢氧化物的性能................................................................................2

1.3.2层状双金属氢氧化物的制备方法........................................................................3

1.3.3 层状双金属氢氧化物的研究进展..............................................................4

1.4 二维钴镍层状氢氧化物的研究.............................................................................4

1.5 电化学催化评价方法.............................................................................................4

1.5.1 电化学极化(循环伏安）曲线..................................................................4

1.5.2 塔菲尔(Tafel）曲线..................................................................................4

1.5.3 稳定性..........................................................................................................5

1.5.4 法拉第效率..................................................................................................5

1.6 本课题的研究内容与意义.....................................................................................5

1. 实验部分..................................................................................................................6

2.1 实验试剂.................................................................................................................6

2.2 实验仪器及设备.....................................................................................................6

2.3 微观结构表征方法.................................................................................................7

2.3.1 X射线衍射(XRD).....................................................................................7

2.3.2 X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)..................................................................7

2.3.3 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)............................................................................7

2.4 电化学性能检测方法.............................................................................................7

2.4.1循环伏安法测试(Cyclic voltammetry,CV)...............................................7

2.4.2极化曲线测试(Linear sweep voltammetry,LSV).........................................7

1. 二维钴镍氢氧化物电催化析氧反应的研究..........................................................8

3.1 实验部分.................................................................................................................8

3.1.1 二维钴镍氢氧化物的制备..........................................................................8

3.1.2 电化学性能测试..........................................................................................8

3.1.3 电化学性能分析与讨论..............................................................................8

3.1.4 微观结构表征分析与讨论.........................................................................10

3.2 二维钴镍氢氧化物电催化材料的优化................................................................10

3.2.1 改良二维钴镍氢氧化物的制备.................................................................10

3.2.2 电化学性能测试.........................................................................................11

3.2.3 电化学测试结果与讨论.............................................................................11