银杏叶、果、外种皮生物活性物质化学组成比较分析毕业论文
2021-08-19 22:26:05
摘 要
银杏全身都是宝,银杏树各个部位都含有黄酮类化合物、萜内酯和银杏酸等多种生物活性物质。为准确测定银杏叶、果、外种皮粗提物中生物活性成分的含量,做到资源利用最大化,本文探究了银杏外种皮、银杏叶及白果中生物活性物质的最佳提取条件,同时摸索出生物活性物质粗提物的液-液萃取的纯化分离方法。采用多步液-液萃取,可将银杏浸膏分离成四个部分,它们的主要成分分别为银杏酸、双黄酮、黄酮苷元、黄酮苷等。其最佳提取和分离条件包括:
(1)采用高速剪切破壁法于20℃按固液比1:10分别提取银杏外种皮、银杏叶及白果三次,每次提取30分钟,银杏外种皮、银杏叶、白果的最佳提取溶剂各自对应为93%乙醇、60%丙酮、80%~93%乙醇。
(2)测定结果表明,外种皮中银杏酸含量高,约87.2 mg/g,而其总黄酮含量却低于1 mg/g,总内酯含量约0.0046 mg/g。银杏秋叶中各黄酮类化合物都在5 mg/g左右,而其银杏酸含量仅为7.3 mg/g,总内酯含量为0.1060 mg/g。银杏春叶中黄酮类化合物为38.9 mg/g,同时也含有大量的银杏酸约为46.3 mg/g,总内酯含量为0.2803 mg/g左右。白果中黄酮类化合物含量较少,都低于0.1 mg/g,银杏酸含量约1.3 mg/g,总内酯含量为0.0577 mg/g。
(3)银杏粗提物旋蒸得到的浸膏采用萃取提纯,其液-液萃取的效率远高于固-液萃取,浸膏质量(g):水层体积(mL)的最佳比例为5~10,浸膏质量(g):油层体积(mL)的最佳比例为1:10。
(4)采用液-液萃取工艺能够将浸膏中的四种成分初步分离开来,得到固体A、B、C、D。其中固体A中含有银杏酸;固体B中含有双黄酮和极少量的银杏酸;固体C中含有的双黄酮、黄酮苷元、萜内酯和少量银杏酸;固体D中主要为黄酮苷。
关键词:黄酮类化合物;银杏酸;提取条件优化;液-液萃取
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba is a treasure, all parts of the body contains a variety of biological activities such as flavonoids and flavonoids.In this paper,we discuss the optimum extracting conditions of Ginkgo biloba leaves , ginkgo and the Sarcotesta of Ginkgo biloba, and worked out a method of liquid-liquid extraction for separation and purification , the multi-step liquid-liquid extraction of Ginkgo biloba extract is divided into four parts and the main conclusions are as follows:
(1) At 20 ℃ by the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10,extracted three times and each time of 30 minutes by high-speed shear wall breaking method . Respectively selecting 93% ethanol, 60% acetone, 80%~93%ethanol as extraction solvent for the Sarcotesta of ginkgo, Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo is the optimum extraction conditions.
(2) Episperm contains a large amount of ginkgo acid up to 87.2 mg/g, and the content of total flavonoids is lower than 1 mg/g, the content of total lactones is 0.0046 mg/g; the content of the flavonoid compounds in Ginkgo biloba autumn leaves is uniform at about 5 mg/g, compared with ginkgo leaf spring for only a small amount of ginkgolic acids was 7.3 mg/g, the content of total lactones is 0.1060 mg/g; flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaf spring main flavone glycosides of 38 mg/g, and also contain a lot of ginkgolic acids was about 38.9 mg/g, the content of total lactones is 0.2803 mg/g; Flavonoids is lower than 0.1 mg/g in Ginkgo, and ginkgo acid amount to 1.3 mg/g, the content of total lactones is 0.0577 mg/g.
(3) Ginkgo biloba extract in the extraction process, liquid - liquid extraction efficiency is much higher than that of solid-liquid extraction, the optimum ratio of extract weight (g): aqueous layer volume (mL) is 5 to 10, and the optimum ratio of extract weight (g): reservoir volume (mL) of is 1:10.
(4) Liquid-liquid extraction process can separate the four ingredients in the Ginkgo biloba extract initially and obtained the solid A, B and C. The solid A containing ginkgolic acids; solid B containing biflavonoids and a very small amount of ginkgo acid; solid C contains biflavonoids, flavonoid aglycones and a small amount of ginkgo acid; solid D is a flavonol glycoside.
Key word: Flavanoids; Ginkgo acid; Optimization of extraction conditions;Liquid-liquid extraction
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
目 录 1
第1章 绪论 1
1.1银杏生物活性物质的医疗保健作用及研究现状 1
1.2银杏叶提取物简介及其工艺研究发展 4
1.3本课题研究的目的、意义和内容 6
第2章 银杏外种皮、果、叶活性成分提取研究及其比较 8
2.1实验仪器及材料 8
2.1.1实验药品来源和规格 8
2.1.2实验仪器 9
2.2银杏叶、果、外种皮生物活性物质的联合提取工艺 9
2.2.1银杏外种皮中生物活性物质提取工艺研究 9
2.2.2银杏叶、果中生物活性物质的提取工艺研究 11
2.3本章小结 18
第3章银杏生物活性物质粗提物的萃取纯化研究 19
3.1萃取剂与萃取体系的选择 19
3.1.1萃取溶剂的选择 19
3.1.2萃取体系的研究 20
3.2水-油两相萃取组成比的研究与优化 21
3.2.1水层比例与活性成分提取量的关系 22
3.2.2溶剂层比例与活性成分提取量 23
3.3水-油两相萃取分离工艺的研究与优化 23
3.3.1水层的萃取研究 24
3.3.2油层萃取的研究 24
3.4各级萃取溶剂萃取次数与活性成分萃取量的关系 25
3.5本章小结 27
第4章 总结与展望 29
参考文献 30
致 谢 33
第1章 绪论
1.1银杏生物活性物质的医疗保健作用及研究现状
(1)银杏酚酸类
银杏酚酸属于漆树酸类物质,为6位取代有饱和或者不饱和的长链烷基的水杨酸,它们常见于咖秀树(cashew,Anacardium occidentale)的果实中[1]。1954年Paul V J[2]等人通过制备铅盐在低温条件下分级结晶以达到分离的目的,并采用催化加氢的方法确定了其不饱和度,最终得到单烯、双烯、三烯的结构。随着实验方法及检测技术的进步,关于银杏酚酸的具体结构体系也日臻完善,在2008年Kaur P[3]等人的报道中就给出了银杏酚酸较为全面的结构式。