摘 要

多金属氧酸盐是一类由金属、氧元素等组成的具有特殊性质化合物，其化学研究始于1826年。由于其独特的结构和性质而受到了大批研究人员的青睐。随着研究的深入，科学界总结出其六种经典结构，它们分别是Keggin型、Silverton型、Dawson型、Anderson型、Waugh型及Lindqvist型。其中每种构型都有着其神秘的面纱等待着科学家们去揭开。本文综合众多科研人员的研究，试着从六种经典结构入手，简介在其基础上所构建的一维到三维新型化合物的结构及特点。同时由于其结构的多样性、尺寸的可变性以及独特的物理化学性质，使其在催化剂、抗病毒、材料科学和药材等领域具有十分可观的应用前景。本文试着从催化剂、果蔬及水产保鲜^[1]等角度对其应用做出简单介绍。在催化剂方面，其在有机合成中可做均相和多相催化剂，具有相对较高的选择性和专一性以及能大大提高产物的收率；在果蔬保鲜方面，可通过抑制酶的活性以增加果蔬类产品及水产品的保质期。最后对多酸化学的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词：多金属氧酸盐；经典结构；催化剂；果蔬水产保鲜

Abstract

Polyoxometalates are a class of compounds with special properties composed of metals and oxygen elements. Their chemical research began in 1826. Because of its unique structure and nature, it has been favored by a large number of researchers. With the deepening of research, the scientific community has summarized its six classic structures, which are Keggin type, Silverton type, Dawson type, Anderson type, Waugh type and Lindqvist type. Each of these configurations has its mysterious veil waiting for scientists to uncover. This article integrates the research of many scientific researchers and tries to start with six classic structures, and introduces the structure and characteristics of the new one-dimensional to three-dimensional compounds based on it. At the same time, due to its structural diversity, size variability, and unique physical and chemical properties, it has a considerable application prospect in the fields of catalysts, antivirus, material science, and medicinal materials. This article attempts to make a brief introduction to its application from the perspectives of catalysts, fruits and vegetables and aquatic preservation^[1]. In terms of catalysts, it can be used as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in organic synthesis, with relatively high selectivity and specificity, and can greatly improve the yield of products; in the preservation of fruits and vegetables, it can be used to inhibit the activity of enzymes to Increase the shelf life of fruit and vegetable products and aquatic products. Finally, the future development trend of polyacid chemistry is prospected.

Key words: Polyoxometalates; classic structure; catalytic; preservation of fruits, vegetables and aquatic products

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 多金属氧酸盐简介 1

第二章 多金属氧酸盐的研究进展 4

2.1 Keggin型多金属氧酸盐 4

2.2 Dawson型多金属氧酸盐 5

2.3 Silverton型多金属氧酸盐 5

2.4 Anderson型多金属氧酸盐 7

2.5 Waugh型多金属氧酸盐 12

2.6 Lindqvist型多金属氧酸盐 13

第三章 多金属氧酸盐的应用 18

3.1在有机合成中作为均相催化剂 18

3.2在有机合成中作为多相催化剂 20

3.3果蔬水产保鲜 22

3.3.1在果蔬保鲜中的应用 22

3.3.2在水产保鲜中的应用 22

第四章 总结与展望 24

参考文献 25

致 谢 32

第一章 绪论

迄今为止，对于多金属氧酸盐的化学研究已有一百多年的发展历史。之后许多研究人员合成了许多新型的多金属氧酸盐，其结构类型已远远超过传统的Keggin型、Dawson型等经典结构；其构成要素从Mo、W、V等丰产元素扩展到覆盖元素周期表的70多种元素，对其强酸性和强氧化性的研究一直在持续；其适用范围逐渐从主要工业催化剂逐步扩大到生化环材等众多领域^[2-6]。随着对多金属氧酸盐化学研究的深入以及同相关领域的交叉渗透，发现它在理论研究和实际应用领域都有很大的潜力。近年来，许多综述和专著对多金属氧酸盐研究领域最重要的成果进行了总结和归纳，本文通过查阅整理相关文章和专著进而对多金属氧酸盐的研究现状及应用做出了如下总结与归纳。

1.1 研究背景