论文总字数：19949字

摘 要

在过去的几十年中，碳纳米材料因其独特的物化与机械特性引起了科学界的广泛关注。其中，由于碳纳米管与有机物具有良好的相溶性，在吸附领域有着广泛的应用前景。但碳纳米管易于聚集，且难以分离，传统方法制备的磁性碳纳米管的单分散性或均质性不能令人满意。目前一个改进的措施是将碳纳米管与磁性材料相结合，使其能通过外加磁场快速分离。另一方面，无机氧化物在碳纳米管的外表面上的沉积会改变碳纳米管表面的介电性能，并降低其在某些场景中的适用性。为了解决该问题并促进后续的表面改性，可将磁性材料复合到碳纳米管内腔中形成核-壳结构（内磁性碳纳米管），提升磁性碳纳米管的稳定性。同时，碳纳米管对内层的磁性材料也有保护作用。这对实际应用具有重要意义，但目前相关研究较少。

本课题以酸化的碳纳米管为原料，在表面引入环氧基团，首先对碳纳米管进行了环氧化修饰。然后通过一锅溶剂热法，以乙二醇为溶剂与还原剂，四氧化三铁为铁源，改性碳纳米管为原料，合成了外磁性碳纳米管（碳纳米管/四氧化三铁）和内磁性碳纳米管（四氧化三铁/碳纳米管）。并使用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对内磁性碳纳米管结构和外磁性碳纳米管的形貌进行了全面的表征。在这些基础上，研究了合成的内磁性碳纳米管和外磁性碳纳米管对芳族化合物（苯甲醛、对硝基苯甲醛）和铜离子的吸附作用。

关键词：一锅法 碳纳米材料 环氧化 核壳型磁性碳纳米管 吸附

Study on Synthesis and Application of Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract

Carbon nanomaterials have had extensive focus on the scientific community in recent years because their unparalleled physical and chemical properties and mechanical properties. Among them, due to good compatibility with organic matter, carbon nanotubes have extensive application prospects in the adsorption field. However, because carbon nanotubes are easy to aggregate and difficult to separate, the monodispersity or homogeneity of magnetic carbon nanotubes prepared by traditional methods is not satisfactory. A current improvement measure is to combine carbon nanotubes with magnetic materials so that they can be quickly separated by an external magnetic field. On the other hand, the deposition of inorganic oxides on the outer surface of carbon nanotubes will change the dielectric properties of the carbon nanotube surface and reduce its applicability in certain scenarios. In order to solve this problem and promote subsequent surface modification, magnetic materials can be compounded into the inner cavity of carbon nanotubes to form a core-shell structure (inner magnetic carbon nanotubes) to improve the stability of magnetic carbon nanotubes. At the same time, carbon nanotubes also have a protective effect on the inner magnetic material. This is of great significance for practical applications, but there are few relevant studies at present.

We use acidified carbon nanotubes as raw materials, introduce epoxy groups superficially, and the carbon nanotubes were first epoxidized in this project. And then, we use modified carbon nanotubes as raw materials, ferric oxide as iron source, allow ethylene glycol as reducing agent and solvent, internal magnetic carbon nanotubes by one-pot solvothermal method, and employ scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The structure and morphology are fully characterized. On this basis, investigate the synthetic inner magnetic carbon nanotubes (Fe₃O₄ @ CNTs) and outer magnetic carbon nanotubes (CNTs @ Fe₃O₄) for aromatic compounds (benzaldehyde, P-nitrobenzaldehyde) and Cu² .

Keywords: one-pot method, carbon nanomaterials, epoxidation modification, core-shell magnetic carbon nanotubes, adsorption

目录

摘 要 Ⅰ

Abstract Ⅱ

第一章 综述 1

1.1碳纳米管 1

1.1.1碳纳米管简介 1

1.1.2 碳纳米管合成 1

1.1.2.1 一步法 1

1.1.2.3 化学气相沉积法 2

1.1.2 碳纳米管应用 3

1.2磁性碳纳米管 4

1.2.1磁性碳纳米管简介 4

1.2.2磁性碳纳米管制备 4

1.2.2.1 化学气相沉积法 4

1.2.2.2溶剂热法 5

1.2.2.3 煅烧法 6

1.2.2.4 一步法 6

1.2.3 磁性碳纳米管应用 7

1.3本课题的内容和意义 9

第二章 实验部分 10

2.1 实验试剂 10

2.2 实验仪器 11

2.3 实验步骤 11

2.4 结果与讨论 13

第三章 总结与展望 26

参考文献 27

致谢 30

第一章 综述

1.1碳纳米管

1.1.1碳纳米管简介

因具有热、电、机械等独特的特性，碳纳米管吸引了科研界的关注。尤其在吸附领域，由于具有较大的比表面积和独特的纳米管状孔隙结构，碳纳米管可用于环境中有机污染物的吸附。

1.1.2 碳纳米管合成

1.1.2.1 一步法

2014年，A Kumar等人提出了一种简单、可重现且不使用外部催化剂进行合成的碳纳米管合成路线——在专门设计的高压釜中于650 ℃下分解丙酮（如图4）。丙酮分解而产生的压力在合成中起着至关重要的作用。热重分析表明在500℃以下失重3％；非晶碳的含量非常少。

CH₃COCH₃ → 3C H₂O H₂

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