论文总字数：15073字

摘 要

传统工业上用的浓硫酸催化剂，其存在许多弊端，腐蚀性大，副反应多，对环境具有一定的污染，并且影响产率，在现在“绿色化学”的背景下，浓硫酸作为现今被最为广泛使用的催化剂，相对于性能更好的“固体超强酸”催化剂弊端显著，因此这一类催化剂更为人们所接受。本次实验研究，以固体超强酸SO₄²-/Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃作为乙酸异戊酯合成反应的催化剂。通过酯化反应的反应时间，反应温度，固体酸催化剂的用量等方面，探究该固体酸催化剂对乙酸异戊酯的合成反应的催化效率。并且测其红外光谱图进行表征。实验结果显示，反应按照0.1g催化剂相对应1.0ml冰乙酸为准，当反应物异戊醇（AR）和冰乙酸（AR）以2:1的摩尔量反应，反应时间为半小时，反应温度为120℃时，酯化率能达到83.5%。

关键词: 乙酸异戊酯 固体超强酸酸催化剂 催化合成

Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate Catalyzed by SO42- / Fe2O3-Al2O3 Solid Acid

Abstract

The conventional synthetic method of isoamyl acetate is that the isoamyl alcohol obtained by separating acetic acid and the fusel oil is synthesized by esterification reaction with concentrated sulfuric acid as the reaction catalyst.However, the traditional industrial use of concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst, which has many drawbacks, corrosive, side effects, the environment has a certain pollution, and affect the yield.In the context of "green chemistry" now, concentrated sulfuric acid is the most widely used catalyst today, and it is more acceptable than the "solid superacid" catalyst with better performance. In this experimental study, the solid superacid SO₄^2- / Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃ was used as the catalyst for the synthesis of isoamyl acetate.The catalytic efficiency of the solid acid catalyst for the synthesis reaction of isoamyl acetate was investigated by the reaction time of the esterification reaction, the reaction temperature and the amount of the solid acid catalyst. And the infrared spectra were measured.The experimental results show that the reaction is based on 0.1 g of catalyst corresponding to 1.0 ml of glacial acetic acid ,When the reactants isoamyl alcohol (AR) and glacial acetic acid (AR) are reacted in a molar ratio of 2: 1. The reaction time was half hour and the reaction temperature was 120 °C. The esterification rate can reach 83.5%

Key words: isoamyl acetate solid super acid catalyst catalytic synthesis

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 III

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1乙酸异戊酯的性质和用途 1

1.1.1乙酸异戊酯的性质 1

1.1.2乙酸异戊酯的用途 1

1.2乙酸异戊酯的合成工艺 2

1.2.1传统工业酯化合成乙酸异戊酯现状 2

1.2.2工艺优化的探究 3

1.2.3研究固体酸催化剂的目的和意义 5

1.2.4本课题研究的目的和意义 6

1.2.5实验设计 6

第二章 实验部分 7

2.1 实验仪器及实验试剂 7

2.1.1本课题实验所需药品 7

2.1.2 仪器与设备 8

2.2.固体酸催化剂SO₄^2-/Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃的制备 9

2.2.1.实验内容 9

2.2.2 实验步骤 9

2.3乙酸异戊酯的合成 11

2.3.1实验内容 11

2.3.2实验步骤 12

2.4催化剂和乙酸异戊酯的红外表征分析 13

2.4.1 SO₄^2-/Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃的谱图和讨论 13

2.4.2 乙酸异戊酯的谱图和讨论 14

2.5 讨论和结果 15

2.5.1乙酸异戊酯的产率 15

2.5.2 合成反应酯化率的影响因素 15

2.5.3实验总结 19

第三章 展望 20

参考文献 21

致谢 23

第一章 文献综述

1.1 乙酸异戊酯的性质及用途

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