论文总字数：25538字

摘 要

表面活性剂是一类具有固定亲水基和疏水基的物质，可以有效降低溶液的表面张力，在生产生活中有很大的作用。双子表面活性剂通过化学键紧密联接两个亲水基，联接基较短，增强了疏水链的疏水结合能力，更容易形成胶束，具有更低的CMC，具有更大的应用前景，因此成为表面活性剂当前的研究热点。本文以咪唑、溴代十四烷、不同链长的二元醇、溴乙酸等为主要原料，合成不同联接基链长的三种双子表面活性剂。实验证明随着联接基长度的增加，空间位阻效应增加，导致胶团不稳定，不利于胶束的形成。利用表面张力法和电导法测定CMC，并通过红外光谱及核磁分析等实验手段对产品的结构进行表征，研究了联接基长度的变化对其性能的影响。最后本文展示了双子表面活性剂的研究现状，并探讨其未来可以采用较短的联接基，使用较长的疏水链并且适当增加其柔性和亲水性，从而获得更好的双子表面活性剂。且在润湿性能等方面有更好的使用效果，因此双子表面活性剂具有更广大的应用前景。

关键词：双子表面活性剂 表面张力 电导率

Synthesis and Properties of Gemini Surfactants

Abstract

Surfactant is a kind of material which has a settled hydrophilic group and hydrophobic group, it can effectively reduce the surface tension of solution and has a great effect on the production and life. Gemini surfactants closely connect two hydrophilic group through chemical bond,the connecting base can enhance the hydrophobic chain hydrophobic combining ability beacause of shorter connecting base,with a lower CMC, being more likely to form micelle and having more applications, thus Gemini surfactant becomes current focus in the surfactant. Based on the generation of tetradecyl of imidazole, bromine, different chain lengths glycol, bromine acetic acid as main raw materials, we synthesised three imidazoles Gemini surfactant with different spacer chain length. Experiment proves that with the increase of the connecting base length, space steric effect increases, because the micelle is not stable and not conducive to the formation of micelles. Furthermore, we characterized the structure of the product through the applanation tonometry method and the conductance method to determination the CMC, and characterizing the structure of the products through the experimental means such as infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic. We also studied the affect that the spacer chain length can change its performance. In the end, the paper shows the current research status of Gemini surfactants, and discussing the future direction in need of improvement.

Key words: Gemini surfactant; surface tension; electrical conductivity

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 IV

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究目的和意义 1

1.2研究成果和现状 1

1.2.1双子表面活性剂概述.....................................................................................1

1.2.2双子表面活性剂的合成进展........................................................................2

1.2.3双子表面活性剂性能研究现状.....................................................................4

1.3双子表面活性剂的应用前景...................................................................................5

1.4本文主要研究内容 6

第二章 实验部分 8

2.1 实验药品 8

2.2 实验设备及仪器 8

2.3 实验原理 9

2.4 实验步骤 10

2.5 实验性能测试方法................................................................................................11

2.5.1 表面张力测定 ............................................................................................11

2.5.2 电导率测定 ................................................................................................12

2.6 咪唑类双子表面活性剂结构表征方法.................................................................13

2.6.1 核磁共振氢谱分析 ......................................................................................13

2.6.2 红外光谱分析 ..............................................................................................13

第三章 咪唑类双子表面活性剂结构及溶液中性能表征 14

3.1合成实验的影响因素 14

3.1.1 反应温度的影响 ........................................................................................14

3.1.2溴代烷的滴加方式对合成的影响...............................................................14

3.2 咪唑类双子表面活性剂结构表征........................................................................14

3.2.1核磁谱图分析结果........................................................................................15

3.2.2 红外光谱分析结果 ....................................................................................22

3.3 咪唑类双子活性剂表面性能表征 26

3.3.1咪唑类双子活性剂表面张力的测定............................................................25

3.3.2联接基长短对双子咪唑表面活性剂表面活性的影响................................27

第四章 结语 31

参考文献 32

致谢 36

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