论文总字数：16948字

摘 要

电解质分析仪在环境监测上和临床医学都具有重要应用价值。本文对电解质分析仪的不同离子定标液进行了研制。在此基础上对来自不同湖泊的未知水样进行了检测，同时与原子吸收、离子色谱的分析结果进行了比较。主要分析结果如下：

钾、钙、钠三种离子拟采用A、B标浓度分别为10，200 mg/L，在该范围内的测量斜率在0.87-1.03之间，标准误差范围在0.7%-2.4%。当离子浓度高于200mg/L时，采用100-4000 mg/L的定标液进行校准，线性范围理想，误差和斜率分别为0.4%-1.4%，0.88-1.01。氯离子的定标液分别设置为1-50 mg/L，10-200 mg/L，200-4000 mg/L，斜率分别为1.01，0.971，0.946，误差分别为1.12%，0.68%，0.97%。对于PH电极，分别拟采用PH=4-7，PH=7-9.4的磷酸盐缓冲液，标准偏差均小于8.0%，斜率为0.62-0.95之间。

基于上述方法，从南京玄武湖和工大镜湖采集水样，过滤稀释后分别经过快速分析仪和原子吸收测量钾、钙、钠离子，用离子色谱测量氯离子。检测结果为钾、钙、钠、氯分别为3.98-4.50 mg/L, 20.7-28.8 mg/L, 5.63-22.9 mg/L, 99.0-105.4 mg/L,PH均为7.20。

关键词：电解质分析仪 定标液 原子吸收 离子色谱 离子浓度

The development of calibration solution in water quality multi-parameter rapid analyzer

Abstract

Electrolyte analyzer has an important role in environment monitoring and clinical. In this paper, different ion calibrator solution has been developed with experiments to electrolyte analyzer. Based on the results, the unknown samples from different lakes be detected, and the results from atomic absorption, ion chromatography analysis were compared . The main results are as follows:

To potassium, calcium and sodium ions , we set three concentrations as A and B calibrator solution, the slope of the measurement in this range between 0.87-1.03, and the standard error range from 0.7%-2.4%. When the ions concentration is higher than 200 mg/L, the A, B solution be adopted from 200-4000 mg/L and the linear being ideal, which give a slope and standard error 0.88-1.01 and 0.4%-1.4%, respectively. The calibration solution of chloride was 1-50 mg/L, 10-200 mg/L, 200-4000 mg/L , respectively. And the slope be 1.01, 0.971, 0.946, while the standard error was 1.12%, 0.68% and 0.97%, respectively. For PH electrode. It is to be adopted from 4-7 and in an higher range it has been designed from 7-9.4, which is composed of phosphate buffer, the standard error were less than 8.0%, and the slope between 0.62-0.95.

Based on this method, unknown samples be collected from Xuanwu Lake and Mirror Lake , than the potassium, calcium and sodium ions were monitored by fast analyzer and atomic absorption while the chlorine ion were detected by ion chromatograph after the samples been dilution and filtered. The results for these ions were 3.98-4.50 mg/L, 20.7-28.8 mg/L, 5.63-22.9 mg/L, 99.0-105.4 mg/L, respectively, the PH was both 7.20.

Keywords: Electrolyte analyzer; calibrator solution; atomic absorption; ion chromatography; iron concentration

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究的背景及意义 1

1.2 电解质分析仪 2

1.2.1 工作原理 2

1.2.2 电极的工作原理 4

1.2.3 电极的测量原理 7

1.3 课题研究的目标 8

第二章 电解质分析仪定标液的研制 9

2.1 实验材料与方法 9

2.1.1 仪器 9

2.1.2 试剂 9

2.1.3 K 、Ca 、Na 贮备液的配制 9

2.1.4 K 、Ca² 、 Na 定标液的研制 9

2.1.5 Cl^- 贮备液的配制 14

2.1.6 Cl- 定标液的研制 15

2.1.7 PH定标液配置 16

2.1.8 结论 17

第三章 环境水样的测定 18

3.1 实验材料与方法 18

3.1.1 仪器 18

3.1.2 试剂 18

3.1.3 实验方法 18

3.1.4 结论 19

第四章 结论与展望 20

4.1 结论 20

4.2 展望 20

参考文献 21

致 谢 22

第一章 绪论

1.1 课题研究的背景及意义

钾、钠、氯、钙是人体电解质的主要成份。维持电解质的平衡是医疗手段的前提；获得有关病人体液中钾、钠、氯、钙的含量对辅助医疗十分重要。

离子检测仪器是各级医院的必备通用设备^[1]，电解质分析仪在临床检验中是必不可缺的，在临床中它主要测试维持人体血液。体液中渗透压的平衡，在手术，烧伤，腹泻，急性心梗等需要大量均衡补液的病人中，离子的测试和检测很重要。该仪器精密度和准确度高，对任何样品所测的结果精确、可靠、速度快、且操作十分简单^[2]。

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