替卡格雷衍生物的制备毕业论文
2022-06-24 23:16:27
论文总字数:20054字
摘 要
替卡格雷是一种新型抗血小板聚集药,对二磷酸腺苷(ADP)引起的血小板聚集有明显的抑制作用,且口服使用后起效迅速,能有效改善急性冠心病患者的症状。
临床应用中替卡格雷的副作用也相当显著,比如出血、呼吸困难等。因此,为了克服替卡格雷在临床应用上的不良反应,为了提高替卡格雷的生物利用度或者增强替卡格雷与阿司匹林的联合用药的效果,所以对替卡格雷结构进行修饰,进而合成替卡格雷衍生物。
本文研究了替卡格雷中间体4,6-二氯-2-(丙硫基)嘧啶-5-氨基以及替卡格雷衍生物(1S,2R,3S,5R)-3-{5-硫丙基-7-[[(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-二氟苯基)环丙基]氨基]三唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-3-基}-5(2-羟基异丙氧基)环戊基-1,2-二醇的制备方法。
第一,4,6-二氯-2-(丙硫基)嘧啶-5-氨基的制备方法:丙二酸二乙酯和硫脲在甲醇钠的条件下反应生成嘧啶环;嘧啶环再和溴丙烷反应,溴丙烷是一个很好的亲电试剂,嘧啶环上的硫基团的电子云密度最大,所以进攻硫而生成4,6-二羟基-2(丙硫基)嘧啶;4,6-二羟基-2(丙硫基)嘧啶和发烟硝酸在酸性的条件下反应生成4,6-二羟基-2(丙硫基)嘧啶-5-硝基;4,6-二羟基-2(丙硫基)嘧啶-5-硝基和三氯氧磷在碱性条件下反应生成4,6-二氯-2-(丙硫基)嘧啶-5-硝基;然后再将其用铁粉进行还原就生成替卡格雷中间体4,6-二氯-2-(丙硫基)嘧啶-5-氨基。
第二,替卡格雷衍生物的制备:中间体4,6-二氯-2-(丙硫基)嘧啶-5-氨基与中间体(3aS,4R,6S,6aR)-6-氨基-2,2-二甲基-4,5,6,6a-四氢-3aH-环戊烯并[d][1,3]二氧杂环戊烷-4-基]氧基}-2-丙醇反应,经过重氮化关环、缩合、酸解,最后制得替卡格雷衍生物(1S,2R,3S,5R)-3-{5-硫丙基-7-[[(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-二氟苯基)环丙基]氨基]三唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-3-基}-5(2-羟基异丙氧基)环戊基-1,2-二醇。
关键词:替卡格雷 抗血小板凝结药 生物利用度 替卡格雷衍生物
The preparation of Ticagrelor derivative
ABSTRACT
Ticagrelor is a new antiplatelet drug, which can induce the aggregation of platelet, rapid onset of action for oral use and effectively improve the sympto-ms of patients with a cute coronary artery disease.
In clinical application, the side effects of ticagrelor is quite significant. In order to improve the bioavailability of ticagrelor or enhance the effect of ticagr-elor with aspirin for combination therapy, a derivative of ticagrelor was synthesized by modification structure of ticagrelor。
This article research the preparation of 4,6-Dichloro-2-(propylthio)pyrimidine-5-amine and (1S,2R,3S,5R)-3-{5-thiopropyl-7-[[(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)cy-clopropyl]amino]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-3-yl}-5(2-hydroxy-prop oxy)cyclopentyl-1,2-diol.
Firstly, preparation method of ticagrelor intermediate was introduced: pyri-midine ring was generated by diethyl malonate and thiourea under the conditio-n of sodium methoxide; 2-Propyl sulfanyl-pyrimidine-4,6-diol was prepared by pyri-midine ring and bromine propane, Bromine propane is a very good electro-philic reagents, Electron density sulfur group on the pyrimidine ring maximum,which attack sulfur; 5-Nitro-2-propyl sulfanyl-pyrimidine-4,6-diol was produced by 2-Propyl sulfanyl-pyrimidine-4,6-diol and fuming nitric acid in acidic condi-tion; 4,6-Dichloro-5-nitro-2-propyl sulfanyl-pyrimidine was generated by 5-Nitro-2-propyl sulfanyl-pyrimidine-4,6-diol and phosphorus oxychloride in alkaline co-ndition; Then it reduced by iron powder, 4,6-Dichloro-2-propyl sulfanyl-pyrimidine-5-amine was generated.
Secondly, the ticagrelor derivatives of (1S,2R,3S,5R)-3-{5-thiopropyl-7-[[(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]amino]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-3-yl}-5(2-hydroxy-prop-oxy)cyclopentyl-1,2-diol was generated by the way, the reaction of 4,6-Dichloro-2-propyl sulfanyl-pyrimidine-5-amine and (3aS,4R,6S,6aR)-6-amino-2,2-dimethyl-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxacyclopentan-4-yl]oxy}-2-propanol pass diazotization condensation and acid hydrolysis.
Keywords: Ticagrelor; antiplatelet drugs; bioavailability; ticagrelor derivatives
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 文献综述 1
1 前言 1
1.1 替卡格雷 1
1.1.1替卡格雷的作用机制 2
1.1.2替卡格雷的药动学 2
1.1.3替卡格雷的应用前景 3
1.2 替卡格雷衍生物 4
1.2.1替卡格雷衍生物的背景 4
1.2.2替卡格雷衍生物的研究 4
1.3 本课题研究的主要内容和意义 5
第二章 替卡格雷中间体的制备 7
2.1前言 7
2.2实验部分 7
2.2.1实验仪器 7
2.2.2实验试剂 8
2.2.3 实验步骤 8
第三章 替卡格雷衍生物的合成 11
2.1前言 11
2.2实验部分 11
2.2.1实验仪器 11
2.2.2实验试剂 11
2.2.3 实验步骤 12
第四章 结果与讨论 15
4.1替卡格雷中间体的结构形态表征 15
4.1.1替卡格雷中间体的核磁谱图 15
4.1.2替卡格雷中间体的核磁谱图 15
4.2 替卡格雷衍生物的结构形态表征 16
3.2.1替卡格雷衍生物的红外图谱分析 16
3.2.2替卡格雷衍生物的核磁图谱分析 18
第五章 结论与展望 20
5.1结论 20
5.2展望 20
参考文献 22
致 谢 24
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