论文总字数：19179字

摘 要

碳纳米管(CNT)是一种纳米尺度的，具有完整分子结构的新型碳材料。它是由碳原子形成的石墨片卷曲而成的无缝、中空的管体。由于碳纳米管复合材料不仅能保留各成分的优良性能，而且在光学、化学及其它性能方面表现出单独材料所没有的性能而引起科技工作者广泛关注。这些材料的合成过程对其在电化学中的催化性能有着重要影响。因此, 选择适当的合成途径，改善传统纳米材料制备过程中的不足是十分重要的。

本论文主要研究以CNT与亚甲基蓝（MB）和金纳米粒子通过静电结合作为材料构建的生物传感器，用于检测过氧化氢（H₂O₂）。先将CNT进行功能化处理使其表面带有羧基，与带正电荷的MB结合，滴加带有负电荷的金纳米粒子，最后加入HRP。制得催化过氧化氢还原的生物传感器。

关键词：金纳米粒子；ITO 电极；辣根过氧化酶（HRP）；亚甲基蓝（MB）；过氧化氢生物传感器

Preparation of functionalized carbon nanotube composites and construction of electrochemical biosensor

ABSTRACT

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) is a kind of nano-scale, and has a complete molecular structure. It is formed by carbon atoms of curling a graphite sheet from the seam Less and hollow tubular body. Canbon nantubes nanocomposites have drawn much attention by scientific researchers, because they not only show their unexpected combined properties of the original components, but also cause changes in optical, chemical, or other performances comparing with those of the individual components. The synthetic method of these materials has great influence on their electrocatalytic application. Thus, it is very important to improve the traditional preparation process of nanomaterials.

In this paper，a biosensor was constructed by association of CNT with MB, Au colloid nanoparticles to detect H₂O₂.The CNT with a carboxyl group is combining with MB, dropping gold nanoparticle and finally adding HRP. The electrochemical biosensor for hydrogen peroxide is fabricated.

Keywords: carbon nanotubes, methylene blue, gold nanoparticle, horseradish perox

idase（HRP）, electrochemical biosensor , hydrogen peroxide

目 录

摘 要----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------II

ABSTRACT--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------III

1. 绪论--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2

1.1引言--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------2

1.2碳纳米管--------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------2

1.2.1碳纳米管的简介-----------------------------------------------------------------2

1.2.1.1 碳纳米管的结构--------------------------------------------------------3

1.2.1.2 碳纳米管的制备--------------------------------------------------------4

1.2.1.3 碳纳米管的性质--------------------------------------------------------4

1.2.1.4 碳纳米管的修饰和应用-----------------------------------------------4

1.3金纳米粒子------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5

1.4碳纳米管/金纳米复合材料------------------------------------------------------------6

1.4.1碳纳米管/金纳米复合材料的制备-------------------------------------------6

1.4.2碳纳米管/金纳米复合材料的优点-------------------------------------------6

1.5碳纳米管/金纳米复合材料在电化学生物传感器中的应用--------------------7

1.5.1生物传感器的概述--------------------------------------------------------------7

1.5.2碳纳米管/金纳米复合材料用于构建生物传感器-------------------------7

第二章 实验部分--------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

2.1 实验仪器与试剂-----------------------------------------------------------------------9

2.1.1实验仪器---------------------------------------------------------------------9

2.1.2实验试剂---------------------------------------------------------------------9

2.2 CNTs的处理--------------------------------------------------------------------------10

2.3 CNT/MB/Au/HRP/ITO电极制备--------------------------------------------------11

2.4 CNT/MB/Au/HRP/ITO电极的表征及电催化反应--------------------------- -11

第三章 结果与讨论---------------------------------------------------------------------------12

3.1 电化学测量方法---------------------------------------------------------------------12

3.2 酶量和工作电势的条件实验------------------------------------------------------12

3.3 CNT/MB/Au/HRP生物传感器对H₂O₂的分析检测---------------------------13

第四章 结论与展望------------------------------------------------------------------------ --14

参考文献----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16

致谢----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18

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