一种新型脂肪酶生产工艺的研究毕业论文
2021-12-26 13:48:25
论文总字数:21383字
摘 要
脂肪酶(lipase)是一种高效,绿色,自然界广泛存在的生物催化剂,其全称为三酰基甘油水解酶。在水相中脂肪酶能将甘油三酯逐步分解为甘油和脂肪酸,在有机溶剂中脂肪酶能催化多种反应,如酯化,醇解等。在工业上脂肪酶通常应用于制革、医药、环保、食品、织物处理等领域。工业化脂肪酶是一种广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中的化合物,主要来源于微生物,如假丝酵母,黑曲酶等。脂肪酶的工业化目前受到多种酶学性质的限制,例如pH耐受性,温度,生产成本,对有机溶剂的耐受性,活性,特异性等。
本论文关于脂肪酶生产工艺的研究,一方面是研究新型固定化技术磁性Fe3O4-SiO2纳米载体固定化脂肪酶,另一方面是磁性Fe3O4-SiO2纳米载体固定化脂肪酶和海藻酸钠复配载体固定化脂肪酶的效果对比。研究内容如下:
(1)磁性Fe3O4-SiO2磁性复合载体,载体的制备分为三个步骤:①Fe3O4纳米粒子的共价沉淀法制备。②Fe3O4-SiO2载体的制备和磁化——溶胶-凝胶法。③制备表面氨基化后的Fe3O4-SiO2磁性复合载体。制得的载体粒子分散性较好,载体的形态大多数呈球形,粒径约300nm。
(2)为了确定固定化反应的最佳条件,分别对反应温度、加酶量、pH值和固定化时间进行单因素实验,得到的最佳结果作为后续固定化反应的条件。
(3)经对比,磁性Fe3O4-SiO2磁性复合载体固定化脂肪酶的酶活最高,为1.86IU/mL,酶活回收率最高,为44.6%,催化1-5次的半衰期最长。海藻酸钠-黄原胶复配载体固定化脂肪酶的酶活最低,为1.32IU/mL,海藻酸钠-阿拉伯胶的固定化脂肪酶酶活回收率最低,为32.9%。海藻酸钠-卡拉胶复配载体催化反应1-5次内半衰期最短。
综合对比,新型固定化技术磁性Fe3O4-SiO2磁性复合载体固定化脂肪酶的效果最好。
关键词:脂肪酶;固定化;Fe3O4-SiO2磁性复合载体,酶活回收率,半衰期。
Study on a new lipase production process
Abstract
Lipase (lipase) is a highly efficient, green, widely existing biological catalyst in nature, which is called triacylglycerol hydrolase. In the aqueous phase, lipase can gradually decompose triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. In organic solvents, lipase can catalyze various reactions, such as esterification and alcoholysis. In the industry, lipase is usually used in the fields of leather making, medicine, environmental protection, food, fabric treatment and so on. Industrialized lipase is a compound widely used in animals, plants and microorganisms, mainly derived from microorganisms, such as Candida, Aspergillus, etc. The industrialization of lipase is currently limited by various enzymatic properties, such as pH tolerance, temperature, production cost, tolerance to organic solvents, activity,and specificity.
The research on the production process of lipase in this paper is on one hand to study the new immobilization technology magnetic Fe3O4-SiO2 nanocarrier immobilized lipase, on the other hand is magnetic Fe3O4-SiO2 nanocarrier immobilized lipase and sodium alginate complex carrier Comparison of the effects of immobilized lipase. The research content is as follows:
- Magnetic Fe3O4-SiO2 magnetic composite carrier, the preparation of the carrier is divided into three steps: ① Preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles by covalent precipitation method. ② Preparation and magnetization of Fe3O4-SiO2 carrier-sol-gel method. ③ Preparation of Fe3O4-SiO2 magnetic composite carrier after surface amination. The prepared carrier particles have good dispersibility, and the shape of the carrier is mostly spherical with a particle size of about 300 nm.
- In order to determine the optimal conditions for the immobilization reaction, a single factor experiment was conducted on the reaction temperature, enzyme addition amount, pH value and immobilization time, and the best results were obtained as the conditions for the subsequent immobilization reaction.
- By comparison, the magnetic Fe3O4-SiO2 magnetic composite carrier immobilized lipase had the highest enzyme activity of 1.86IU / mL, the highest enzyme activity recovery rate was 44.6%, and the longest half-life of 1-5 times of catalysis. The alginate-xanthan gum composite carrier had the lowest enzyme activity of immobilized lipase, at 1.32IU / mL, and the alginate-guine gum immobilized lipase activity had the lowest recovery rate, at 32.9%. The sodium alginate-carrageenan compound carrier catalyzed the reaction with the shortest half-life within 1-5 times.
- Comprehensive comparison, the new immobilization technology magnetic Fe3O4-SiO2 magnetic composite carrier immobilized lipase has the best effect.
Keywords: Lipase; Immobilization; Fe3O4-SiO2 magnetic composite carrier, enzyme activity recovery rate, half-life
前言
脂肪酶,作为一种广泛存在于植物、动物和微生物的一种生物酶类。脂肪酶可以催化水解甘油三脂和催化酯化、醇化等性质被人们加以利用,广泛应用于食品加工,制革,化工品生产,环保等方面,被认为是仅此于糖酶和蛋白酶的第三大工业酶类。微生物生产脂肪酶有着动植物都没有的优点,如生产受季节影响较小,培育周期短,产量高,容易进行基因工程改良等,所以,工业用途的脂肪酶通常用微生物发酵生产,其中,假丝酵母、毛霉等微生物相关的脂肪酶研究最多。许多研究人员研究了许多富油土壤和极端环境特性的脂肪酶微生物,获得了许多具有特殊性质的脂肪酶,如在火山口土壤中筛选出的脂肪酶微生物生产的脂肪酶具有耐热性等。
固定化脂肪酶的过程是当今酶研究中最重要的主题之一,国内外许多文献报道了许多固定脂肪酶的方法,有传统的固定方法和新的固定方法。固定化脂肪酶具有许多优异的性能,游离脂肪酶难以与其进行比较,因为游离脂肪酶使用后难以回收,导致浪费,而固定化脂肪酶可以重复使用多次且易于回收;某些游离脂肪酶对有机溶剂的耐受性较差,固定化后该酶对有机溶剂的耐受性显着提高,等等。目前,研究人员正在不断开发各种固定化脂肪酶的新方法。
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
前言 II
第一章 文献综述 5
1.1 脂肪酶 5
1.1.1 脂肪酶的概述 5
1.1.2 脂肪酶的分类 5
1.1.3脂肪酶的催化机理 6
1.2产脂肪酶微生物的筛选 7
1.2.1产脂肪酶微生物的环境筛选 7
1.2.2 产脂肪酶微生物的筛选方法 8
1.3脂肪酶催化反应的影响因素 8
1.3.1溶剂对脂肪酶催化效率的影响 8
1.3.2温度对脂肪酶催化效率的影响 9
1.3.3PH值对脂肪酶催化效率的影响 9
1.4脂肪酶的固定化 10
1.4.1脂肪酶的固定化方法 10
1.5课题来源及研究内容 12
1.5.1课题来源 12
1.5.2本课题研究内容 12
第二章 材料与方法 13
2.1材料 13
2.1.1菌株来源 13
2.1.2培养基 13
2.2主要实验仪器 13
2.3试剂和药品 14
2.4 方法 15
2.4.1 富集 15
2.4.2 初始酶液的制备和酶活测定 15
2.4.3 脂肪酶的固定化方法 16
2.4.4 固定化脂肪酶活力测定 18
2.4.5固定化后的脂肪酶半衰期测定 18
第三章 结果与分析 19
3.1 初始酶液活力 19
3.2 单因素实验结果 19
3.2.1磁性Fe3O4-SiO2纳米载体单因素实验结果 19
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