酶法生产NAD工艺研究毕业论文
2021-12-26 13:48:43
论文总字数:18208字
摘 要
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD /NADH)是人体内最重要的辅酶之一。近些年的相关研究表明,NAD 及其前体能通过辅助线粒体功能,激活DNA修复酶,从而起到抗衰老的作用。因此,凭借着丰富的实验数据和许多高水平科学家的关注,NAD 产品已经成为了目前保健品市场上的新秀。
通过培养重组菌株E.coli BL21/pET-21a-nadD并破碎提取后获得粗酶液。使用UV-Vis分光光度法测得,粗酶液比活为 6.5 U/mg。之后对比了三种不同的纯化方法,并得出分别Ni-NTA 纯化柱的效果最佳,经其纯化的酶液的比活力为20.98 U/mg。之后对该酶进行了固定化并对其酶学性质进行了分析,该酶的最适pH约为8,最适温度为37℃。Cu2 、Ca2 及SDS对NMNAT有抑制作用,而Mg2 和Zn2 有促进作用。同时,联系许多前人的研究结果可知,单一的酶的催化合成作用是有限的,而如果构建双基因共表达重组系统等多酶协同体系,可在单基因的基础上提高产量,增加生产速率。
关键词:烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸 NMNAT1 蛋白质纯化 酶学性质
Process research on the enzymatic production of NAD
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD /NADH) is one of the most important coenzymes in human body. Relevant studies in recent years have shown that NAD and its precursors can play a part in anti-aging by assisting mitochondrial function and activating DNA repair enzymes. Therefore, with abundant experimental data and the attention of many high-level scientists, NAD products have become a new product in the current health care market.
In this equipment, recombinant strain E. coli BL21/pET-21a-nadD was cultured and distrupted to obtain the crude enzyme solution. The specific activity of crude enzyme solution was 6.5 U/mg measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. After that, three different purification methods were operated for comparation, and we found that Ni-NTA purification column showed the best effect, and the specific activity of the purified enzyme solution was 20.98 U/mg. The enzyme was immobilized and its enzymatic properties were analyzed. The analysis showed that the poptimum pHs of the enzyme was about 8 and the poptimum atemperature was 37℃. If Cu2 , Ca2 and SDS were contained in the medium system, the enzyme would be inhibited, while Mg2 and Zn2 could be the opposite. At the same time, according to the results of many previous studies, the effect of a single enzyme on the synthesis of NAD is limited, and if a dual-gene co-expression recombination system is constructed, the yield can be increased and the production rate can be increased compared to the single gene.
Key words: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NMNAT1; Protein purification;Enzymatic properties
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、 文献综述 1
1.1 概述 1
1.2 NAD的合成代谢途径 2
1.2.1 NAD的从头合成途径 3
1.2.2 NAD的Preiss-Handler途径 4
1.2.3 NAD的补救合成途径 4
1.3 NAD合成途径相关酶 5
二、 材料与方法 7
2.1 前言 7
2.2 材料和仪器 7
2.2.1 实验器材 7
2.2.2 实验试剂 8
2.2.3 菌株、培养基和缓冲液 9
2.3 实验方法 9
2.3.1 NMNAT的初步提取 9
2.3.2 粗酶液活性的测定 10
2.3.3 粗酶液的纯化 10
2.3.4 NMNAT固定化 11
2.3.5 用固定化NMNAT制备NAD 11
2.3.6 NAD 含量的测定 11
2.3.7 固定化酶的酶学性质研究 12
三、 结果与讨论 14
3.1 蛋白纯化结果 14
3.2 固定化NMNAT的酶学性质研究结果 15
3.2.1 pH对固定化NMNAT活性和稳定性的影响 15
3.2.2 温度对固定化NMNAT活性和稳定性的影响 15
3.2.3 金属离子与化学试剂对固定化NMNAT活力的影响 16
四、 结论与展望 18
参考文献 20
致谢 24
文献综述
概述
腺嘌呤二核苷酸(Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide )
烟酰胺 ,简称NAD,又称辅酶Ⅰ,是人体内最重要的辅酶之一[30]。NAD在人体内存在氧化型NAD (图1)和还原型NADH(更准确应写为NADH H )两种形式,能够传递电子,是很多脱氢酶的辅酶,参与上千种氧化还原反应。更重要的是,它参与到糖酵解、糖异生、三羧酸循环及呼吸链的相关反应中,是其关键酶[30]。此外,已经发现了许多反应,其中NAD用作底物。例如,某些原核生物,如大肠杆菌,利用NAD作为DNA连接酶的底物,它是DNA合成,修复和重组所必需的酶之一[22][23]。NAD还在产生聚腺苷5'-二磷酸核糖的反应中用作底物[24][25]。腺苷5'-二磷酸核糖基化被证明对真核细胞和原核细胞都非常重要[26][27][28]。还原的吡啶核苷酸辅酶在调节两性途径中也起重要作用,例如柠檬酸循环和氧化戊糖途径[29]。因此,人们越来越意识到细胞对NAD的依赖程度,并且越来越强调需要对NAD代谢的合成,再循环和调节进行更广泛的研究。
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