论文总字数：20792字

摘 要

在化学镀镍工艺中，次亚磷酸钠是发挥着重要作用的常用还原剂。采用传统的化学沉淀法可以去除化学镀镍产生的废水中所含的磷酸根离子，但却难以除去其中的次亚磷酸根离子。含磷量超标废水的排放会污染水体环境，易导致水体富营养化，对人类身体健康造成危害。因此，进一步研究简便高效的次亚磷酸根离子去除技术极具现实意义。吸附法有着分离效率高、不产生二次污染的优点，我们结合当前热门的离子印迹技术制备次亚磷酸根离子印迹聚合物，在对次亚磷酸根离子的吸附上展现出了优良性能。主要研究内容为：

采用本体聚合法，以4-乙烯吡啶为功能单体，甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯作辅助单体，次亚磷酸根为模板离子制备次亚磷酸根离子印迹聚合物。实验表明，次亚磷酸根离子印迹聚合物的吸附量随吸附时间增加而升高，在80 min时吸附达到平衡，次亚磷酸根离子印迹聚合物的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。次亚磷酸根离子印迹聚合物的吸附量随着离子初始浓度的增大而增大，等温吸附模型的拟合结果表明，次亚磷酸根离子印迹聚合物对次亚磷酸根离子的吸附符合Freundlich模型，相关系数R²=0.990，属于多分子层吸附过程。随着温度升高，次亚磷酸根离子印迹聚合物的吸附量逐渐减小，在35 °C下次亚磷酸根离子印迹聚合物吸附量最大。

关键词：次亚磷酸根 离子印迹 吸附 性能 测定

Research on Preparation and Adsorption Performance of Hypophosphite Ion Imprinted Adsorbent Material

Abstract

Sodium hypophosphite is a common reducing agent which plays an important role in the process of electroless nickel plating. The traditional chemical precipitation method can remove the phosphate ions contained in the waste water produced by electroless nickel plating, but it is difficult to remove the hypophosphite ions. The discharge of waste water with excessive phosphorus content will pollute the water environment, easily lead to eutrophication of water, and cause harm to human health. Therefore, further research on the simple and efficient hypophosphite ion removal technology is of great practical significance. High separation efficiency and no secondary pollution are the advantages of adsorption method. The current popular ion imprinting technology was adopted to prepare hypophosphite ion imprinted polymers, which showed excellent adsorption performance of hypophosphite ions in wastewater. The main research contents are:

The imprinted polymer was prepared by bulk polymerization with 4-vinylpyridine as the functional monomer, hydroxyethyl methacrylate as the auxiliary monomer, and hypophosphite as the template ion. The experimental results showed that the adsorption capacity of hypophosphite ion-imprinted polymer improves with the increase of adsorption time. The adsorption kinetics reached equilibrium at 80 min, and the adsorption process of the imprinted polymer was conformed to the quasi-second-order kinetic model. In addition, the adsorption capacity of the imprinted polymer enhances with the increase of initial ion concentration. The adsorption isothermal by the imprinted polymer was in accordance with the Freundlich model, which can be seen in the fitting results. Its adsorption process belongs to multi-molecular layer adsorption with the correlation coefficient R² = 0.999. However, the adsorption capacity of the imprinted polymer decreases with the increase of temperature. The adsorption capacity of hypophosphite ion-imprinted polymer reached the maximum at 35 °C.

Keywords: Hypophosphite; Ion imprinting; Adsorption; Performance; Determination

目 录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 前言 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 次亚磷酸根离子概述 2

1.2.1 次亚磷酸根离子与水体富营养化 2

1.2.2 次亚磷酸根离子的去除 2

1.2.2.1 氧化-沉淀法 2

1.2.2.2 生物除磷法 3

1.2.2.3 吸附法 3

1.2.3 次亚磷酸根离子的测定 3

1.2.3.1 容量分析法 3

1.2.3.2 仪器分析法 4

1.3 离子印迹技术概述 5

1.3.1 离子印迹技术原理 5

1.3.1.1 功能单体 5

1.3.1.2 交联剂 5

1.3.1.3 引发剂 6

1.3.1.4 溶剂 6

1.3.2 离子印迹聚合物的制备方法 6

1.3.2.1 本体聚合 6

1.3.2.2 沉淀聚合 6

1.3.2.3 悬浮聚合 7

1.3.2.4 原位聚合 7

1.3.2.5 表面印迹 7

1.3.3 离子印迹聚合物的应用 7

1.3.3.1 制备电化学传感器 7

1.3.3.2 制备离子印迹膜 8

1.3.3.3 富集与回收稀土金属 8

第二章 实验部分 9

2.1 实验试剂与仪器 9

2.1.1 主要实验试剂 9

2.1.2 主要实验仪器 10

2.2 次亚磷酸根离子印迹聚合物的制备 10

2.3 碘量法测次亚磷酸根离子含量 10

2.4 次亚磷酸根离子印迹聚合物的吸附实验 11

2.4.1 吸附时间对吸附性能的影响 11

2.4.2 初始浓度对吸附性能的影响 12

2.4.3 温度对吸附性能的影响 12

第三章 结果与讨论 14

3.1 吸附时间对吸附性能的影响 14

3.2 初始浓度对吸附性能的影响 16

3.3 温度对吸附性能的影响 18

第四章 结论与展望 19

参考文献 20

致谢 23

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