不同供氧条件下纳豆芽孢杆菌产MK-7的转录组学分析毕业论文
2022-01-01 22:23:17
论文总字数:20457字
摘 要
甲萘醌(Menaquinone,MK),即维生素K2,由萘醌环和异戊二烯侧链组成,而甲萘醌-7(MK-7)是维生素K2中非常重要的一种。纳豆芽孢杆菌是一种来自日本传统发酵大豆的益生菌,其易于培养和安全可靠的特性,被认为是可以工业化生产MK-7的潜力菌株。纳豆芽孢杆菌是一种好氧微生物,氧是其生长以及MK-7合成的重要环境因子。实验设计了两种不同的供氧条件,即低供氧条件(转速:100 rpm)和高供氧条件(转速:200 rpm),通过测定不同供氧条件下的甘油消耗、生物量变化和MK-7含量变化等,研究了不同供氧条件对纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵特性的影响。通过发酵参数,发现氧气对底物消耗、细胞生长和MK-7合成有很大影响。结果表明高供氧条件导致底物甘油消耗率增加,细胞生长速率加快,MK-7产量也有明显提高。200 rpm下的甘油消耗与细胞生长速率明显快于100 rpm。在200 rpm时,所有时间点的MK-7产量均高于100 rpm,其中产量最大值18.56 mg/L是100 rpm条件下的2倍左右。高供氧条件下的底物利用率为0.041 %,为100 rpm条件下的1.8倍,结果表明高供氧能增加底物消耗。因此,高氧气供应可以确定促进了纳豆芽孢杆菌的生长,促进了MK-7的生物合成。
本课题通过检测转录组的变化,探究了纳豆芽孢杆菌在不同供氧条件关于MK-7生物合成途径,芽孢产生,细胞膜生成,以及抗氧化防御系统的相关基因的改变。MK-7代谢途径中的大多数酶在高氧条件下上调。糖酵解途径中的甘油激酶、果糖双磷酸醛缩酶和磷酸果糖激酶均上调,表明高氧供应可增加甘油的消耗。同时,在MK-7途径中编码限速酶的menD基因也被上调,而大多数与孢子形成有关的酶在200 rpm条件下被下调。此外,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD2)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化氢酶(AhpF)和DNA结合蛋白MrgA上调,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD1)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)被下调。 这些结果有助于更好地理解氧因子对纳豆芽孢杆菌MK-7生产的影响,并进一步分析MK-7生物合成的分子机制。
关键字: 纳豆芽孢杆菌 MK-7 转录组 供氧 维生素K2
Abstract
Menaquinone (MK), namely vitamin K2, is composed of naphthoquinone ring and isoprene side chain, and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is one of the most important vitamin K2. Bacillus natto is a probiotic from traditional fermented soybeans in Japan. It is easy to culture, safe and reliable. It is considered to be a potential strain for industrial production of MK-7. Bacillus natto is an aerobic microorganism. Oxygen is an important environmental factor for its growth and MK-7 synthesis. Two different oxygen supply conditions were designed, i.e. low oxygen supply condition (rotating speed: 100 rpm) and high oxygen supply condition (rotating speed: 200 rpm). The effects of different oxygen supply conditions on the fermentation characteristics of Bacillus natto were studied by measuring the glycerol consumption, biomass change and MK-7 content change under different oxygen supply conditions. Through fermentation parameters, it was found that oxygen had a great influence on substrate consumption, cell growth and MK-7 synthesis. The results showed that high oxygen supply led to an increase in substrate glycerol consumption, cell growth rate and MK-7 production. The glycerol consumption and cell growth rate at 200 rpm were significantly faster than that at 100 rpm. At 200 rpm, the output of MK-7 at all time points was higher than 100 rpm, and the maximum output of 18.56 mg/L was about 2 times of that at 100 rpm. The utilization ratio of substrate under high oxygen supply was 0.041 %, which was 1.8 times of that under 100 rpm. Therefore, high oxygen supply can definitely promote the growth of Bacillus natto and the biosynthesis of MK-7.
By detecting the change of transcriptome, we explored the changes of genes related to MK-7 biosynthesis pathway, spore production, cell membrane production, and antioxidant defense system of Bacillus natto under different oxygen supply conditions. Most of the enzymes in the metabolic pathway of MK-7 were up-regulated under hyperoxia. Glycerol kinase, fructose diphosphate aldolase and phosphofructokinase in glycolysis pathway were all up-regulated, indicating that high oxygen supply can increase the consumption of glycerol. At the same time, the men gene encoding the rate limiting enzyme in MK-7 pathway was also up-regulated, while most of the enzymes related to spore formation were down regulated at 200 rpm. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT), catalase (ahpf) and DNA binding protein MrgA were up-regulated, and superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH PX) were down regulated. These results are helpful to better understand the effect of oxygen factors on the production of Bacillus natto MK-7, and further analyze the molecular mechanism of MK-7 biosynthesis.
Key Words: Bacillus natto ;MK-7;Transcriptome;supply oxygen;Vitamin K2
目 录
第一章 文献综述 7
1.1 引言 7
1.2 维生素K2的结构与生理功能 7
1.2.1 维生素K2的结构特点 7
1.2.2 维生素K2的生理功能 7
1.3 维生素K2的研究概况 8
1.3.1 维生素K2的来源 8
1.3.2 维生素K2的代谢途径 9
1.3.3 维生素K2的安全性 10
1.4 转录组学概况 11
1.5 本课题的研究意义与目的 12
1.5.1 本课题的研究意义 12
1.5.2 本课题的研究目的 12
第二章 实验材料与方法 14
2.1 实验材料 14
2.1.1 菌种 14
2.1.2 培养基 14
2.1.3 实验试剂 14
2.1.4 实验器材 15
2.2 实验方法 15
2.2.1 培养方法 15
2.2.2 残留甘油、生物量和MK-7产量测定 16
2.2.3 测序文库构建 16
2.2.4 测序数据分析方法 17
第三章 实验结果与讨论 19
3.1 供氧对纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵性能的影响 19
3.1.1 不同供氧对发酵的影响 19
3.2 不同供氧条件下的差异基因表达分析 20
3.2.1 转录组分析 20
3.2.2 差异表达基因的Gene ontology分析 21
3.2.3 差异表达基因的途径分析 22
3.2.4 与MK-7合成相关的差异基因表达 23
第四章 实验结论与展望 25
4.1 结论 25
4.2 展望 25
参考文献 26
致 谢 29
第一章 文献综述
1.1 引言
类似于中国的豆豉,日本的纳豆深受大家的喜爱,并且也有上千年的食用记录。研究表明,纳豆中的MK-7含量较之其他食品含量更加丰富。随着人民生活水平的提高,越来越多人追求高品质健康的生活,因此具有特殊生理功能的MK-7逐渐进入大家的视野。由一个甲萘醌母环和七个异戊二烯侧链组成的MK-7具有与维生素K2家族其他成员相比更强的活性,能够预防和治疗骨质疏松、抗动脉钙化关节炎、延缓衰老、修复损伤细胞等一系列重要的生理功能[1]。1996年Sato T[2]团队从纳豆中提取到了MK-7。之后,科研人员发现许多发酵食品中都富含MK-7。
1.2 维生素K2的结构与生理功能
1.2.1 维生素K2的结构特点
甲萘醌(Menaquinones,MK),又称维生素K2,是一类含有一个萘醌环和若干异戊二烯侧链物质的统称,具有很强的生理活性,是人体内不可或缺的一类维生素。按其侧链的长短,可分为14种不同的形式,用MK-n表示,n即指侧链上异戊二烯的个数。其中MK-7(即天然维生素K2)就是侧链异戊二烯个数为7的形式。甲萘醌系列化合物结构如图1-1,研究表明n=7时生物活性最为显著。
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