改性木质素-天然橡胶复合材料的制备与性能研究毕业论文
2022-01-06 20:35:12
论文总字数:18360字
摘 要
由于环境污染、资源短缺、人类对资源的需求加剧,迫切需要一种可再生资源取代石化资源。木质素作为一种生物质资源,具有类似于炭黑的形貌结构,可代替部分炭黑作为橡胶复合材料的填充补强剂,有助于推动橡胶工业的绿色和可持续发展。
本论文将用木质素代替部分炭黑,拟从加工工艺的角度研究木质素对橡胶复合材料的影响,探讨木质素-橡胶复合材料的力学性能,探寻木质素-橡胶复合材料制备的最佳工艺。并在此基础上对木质素进行改性,探究改性木质素-天然橡胶复合材料的力学性能,得出以下结论。
通过对工艺条件(pH、木质素粒径)的改变,研究木质素的pH和粒径对橡胶性能的影响。pH的改变对橡胶的力学性能无明显影响,但当pH为6时硫化所用时间最少。粒径对复合材料的力学性能影响十分显著,粒径越小,对于橡胶的补强效果越好。在2.4 µm木质素拉伸强度为16.5 MPa,补强效果达炭黑的77%,但在12.1 µm木质素拉伸强度为12.7 MPa,补强效果仅有59%,不同粒径的补强效果有着明显的差异。
在对工艺探究的基础上,用硅烷偶联剂改性木质素代替部分炭黑后,与未改性木质素相比,拉伸强度分别增加到19.5 MPa和17.6 MPa,达炭黑补强效果的91%和82%,表明改性木质素对天然橡胶的补强作用更佳明显。
关键词:天然橡胶 木质素 改性木质素
Research on lignin - natural rubber composites: preparation and properties
Abstract
Due to environmental pollution and the increasing demand for resources, there is an urgent need for a renewable resource to replace petrochemical resources. As a biomass resource, lignin has a structure similar to carbon black, which can replace part of carbon black as a reinforcing agent for rubber composite materials, which can help promote the green and sustainable development of the rubber industry.
In this thesis, lignin was used to replace part of carbon black. We studied the effects of lignin on rubber composites in terms of processing conditions and mechanical properties. On this basis, the lignin is modified to investigate the mechanical properties of modified lignin-natural rubber composite materials and the following conclusions are drawn.
The effect of pH and particle size of lignin were studied on rubber performance by changing process conditions (pH, lignin particle size). The change in pH has no significant effect on the mechanical properties of the rubber, but when pH is 6, the curing time is the lowest. The particle size has a significant effect on the mechanical properties, and the smaller the particle size, the higher reinforcement effect was obtained. When the particle size of lignin is 2.4 μm, the tensile strength is 16.5 MPa, up to 77% of the carbon black reinforced samples. The modified lignin with silane coupling agent was used to replace part of the carbon black. Compared with the unmodified lignin, the tensile strength increased to 19.5 MPa, which is 91% of the reinforcing effect of carbon black indicating that modified lignin has a better reinforcing effect on natural rubber.
Keywords: Natural rubber; Modified lignin; Lignin
目录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1前言 1
1.2 木质素的性质与结构 1
1.2.1木质素结构 1
1.2.2木质素的性质 2
1.3木质素的改性 2
1.3.1羟甲基化改性 2
1.3.2磺化改性 3
1.3.3胺化改性 3
1.3.4接枝共聚改性 3
1.4橡胶复合材料的制备工艺 4
1.4.1干混工艺 4
1.4.2胶乳共沉工艺 4
1.4.3湿混工艺 4
1.4.4混炼工艺 5
1.5木质素在橡胶中的应用 5
1.5.1补强剂 5
1.5.2防老剂 5
1.5.3阻燃剂 6
1.6本论文研究的意义和研究内容 6
1.6.1研究意义 6
1.6.2研究内容 6
第二章 工艺对木质素-天然橡胶复合材料的影响 7
2.1前言 7
2.2实验部分 7
2.2.1主要原料 7
2.2.2主要设备与仪器 7
2.2.3橡胶配方 8
2.2.4木质素的制备 9
2.2.5橡胶制备 9
2.2.6橡胶硫化 9
2.2.7性能测试 9
2.3结果与讨论 10
2.3.1木质素粒径对橡胶硫化特性及力学性能的影响 10
2.3.2木质素pH对橡胶硫化特性及力学性能的影响 11
2.4小结 12
第三章 改性木质素-天然橡胶复合材料的性能研究 13
3.1前言 13
3.2实验部分 13
3.2.1实验仪器及原料 13
3.2.2改性木质素的配方 13
3.2.3橡胶的制备 13
3.2.4性能测试 14
3.3结果与讨论 14
3.3.1改性木质素接触角 14
3.3.2改性木质素对橡胶硫化特性及力学性能的影响 14
3.4小结 15
第四章 结论 17
参考文献 18
致谢 22
第一章 绪论
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