产几丁质酶海洋细菌的筛选和鉴定毕业论文
2022-01-24 15:23:07
论文总字数:13441字
摘 要
几丁质酶主要来源于动物的甲壳以及植物的细胞壁中,它在医学、农业、食品领域都有很高的应用价值。几丁质的降解产物具有生物防治、抗病等作用。
大海中蕴有丰富的微生物资源,但是由于深海作业困难,还有大量的海洋资源的还未完全开发。同时生存环境恶劣致使海洋微生物具有极端的耐受性,同时也具有高的应用价值,因此新型海洋微生物酶的发掘,以及新型海洋微生物酶的应用具有很大的研究前景。
本课题使用胶体几丁质平板法,从实验室菌库海洋细菌中筛选出产生透明圈法的菌株,即产几丁质酶海洋细菌。对菌株进行初步筛选筛选出9株产几丁质酶海洋菌,进行平板复筛后产几丁质酶细菌菌株共6株。将这些产几丁质酶细菌放置在37 ℃恒温摇床培养后,进行菌株的甘油保藏和总DNA抽取。把从菌液中提取的基因组DNA进行16S rDNA PCR扩增,送测后将得到的基因序列对比,鉴定其菌种。对活性最高的菌进行了生理生化鉴定,初步鉴定为克雷伯菌属。
关键词:几丁质酶;海洋微生物;菌种鉴定
Screening and identification of chitinase-producing marine bacteria
Abstract
Chitinase mainly comes from animal crustaceans and plant cell walls. It has high application value in medicine, agriculture and food. The degradation products of chitin have the functions of biological control and disease resistance.
The sea contains abundant microbial resources, but due to difficulties in deep sea operations, a large number of marine resources have not yet been fully developed. At the same time, the living environment is poor and the marine microorganisms are extremely tolerant and have high application value. Therefore, the exploration of new marine microbial enzymes and the application of new marine microbial enzymes have great research prospects.
In this paper, the colloidal chitin plate method was used to screen out the strains producing the transparent circle method from the marine bacteria in the laboratory bacteria base, that is, the chitinase-producing bacterial strains. A total of 9 strains of chitinase-producing marine bacteria were screened and screened, and 6 strains of chitinase bacterial strains were produced after flat screening. These chitinase-producing bacteria were placed in a 37 ℃ constant temperature shaker to carry out glycerol preservation and total DNA extraction of the strain. The genomic DNA extracted from the bacterial solution was subjected to 16S rDNA PCR amplification, and the obtained gene sequences were compared and identified to identify the strains .Physiological and biochemical identification of the most active bacteria was initially identified as Klebsiella.
Keywords:Chitinase;marine microorganism;strainidentification;
目 录
摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………I
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………………II
第一章 文献综述 1
1.1几丁质 1
1.2几丁质酶的类别 1
1.3几丁质酶的构成 1
1.4几丁质酶的性质 2
1.5几丁质酶的应用 2
1.6研究发展 2
1.7本实验内容 3
第二章 实验材料与方法 4
2.1材料 4
2.1.1实验试剂 4
2.1.2培养基的制备 4
2.1.3溶液的配置 4
2.1.4灭菌 5
2.1.5实验仪器 5
2.1.6实验药品 5
2.2实验方法 6
2.2.1实验菌种 6
2.2.2选择培养基平板初筛 6
2.2.3复筛 6
2.2.4 菌种鉴定 8
第三章结果与分析 9
3.1菌株活化 9
3.2菌株筛选 10
3.3凝胶电泳分析 11
3.3.1总DNA基因组提取的凝胶电泳 11
3.3.2 PCR扩增产物凝胶电泳成像 11
3.4 鉴定结果 12
3.5 菌落的形态和生理生化鉴定 13
3.5.1 形态鉴定 13
3.5.2 生理生化鉴定 13
3.6 讨论 14
第四章 结论与展望 15
参考文献 16
致谢 18
第一章 文献综述
1.1 几丁质
几丁质广泛存在于甲壳纲动物(虾蟹、昆虫)的甲壳,以及真菌(酵母,霉菌)、藻类、植物的细胞壁中[1]。几丁质的储量占地球天然聚合物的第二位,据估计自然界生物可以每年合成数亿吨几丁质,产量仅次于纤维素[2]。来自海洋生物圈的几丁质占几丁质总量的绝大部分,然而几丁质在海底沉积却很少,这主要是因为海洋微生物通过几丁质酶对几丁质进行降解和利用[3]。
1.2 几丁质酶的类别
根据切割位点处的不同,几丁质酶可分为几丁质内切酶、几丁质外切酶和N-乙酰基-β-D-氨基葡糖苷酶,几丁质内切酶主要水解糖链内的糖苷键,最终的水解产物主要是随机方式的四糖或更多的寡糖,此外,几丁质核酸内切酶和底物随着几丁质的聚合度增加亲和力也会逐渐增加,因此往往产物是几丁二糖,不同于内切几丁质外切酶每次都作用于糖链的非还原端,最终产物除了几丁二糖外还有剩余糖链的大分子,而N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶具备几丁质内切酶和几丁质外切酶两种特征[4]。几丁质酶依照催化域和氨基酸序列的同源性可以分为18和19家族,19家族几丁质酶分布较局限,近年来,19家族的几丁质酶在放线菌和紫细菌中的报道也陆续报道,现今被记录的产几丁质酶体微生物中70%以上是细菌,大多数真菌几丁质酶属于18族,主要分为A型,B型和C型[4]。
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