基于CRISPRCas13d系统的大肠杆菌转录调控工具的构建毕业论文
2022-01-24 15:57:05
论文总字数:23391字
摘 要
转录调控工具可帮助人们调整代谢通路以优化产物代谢途径。然而以CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas(CRISPR-associated)系统为代表的dCas9(catalytically dead Cas9)系统面临着靶向性差、多基因调控构建繁琐等困扰。以RNA为作用对象的RNAi(RNA interference)、sRNA(small RNA)等技术则存在着攻击内源性转录的问题。新近发现的RNA靶向的CRISPR/Cas13d系统,避免了与DNA接触而产生的潜在危害。另外,CRISPR/Cas13d系统不必结合tracrRNA(trans -acting CRISPR RNA),依托自身即可加工出成熟的crRNA(CRISPR RNA),可在单一载体中靶向多个RNA,利用此特性可构建多基因调控系统,方便快捷。与RNAi、dCas9、sRNA等技术相比,它展现出更高的敲低效率以及更低的脱靶效率,应用前景广阔。
本研究通过分别构建CasRx和gRNA的表达载体来制备大肠杆菌中的转录调控工具,并通过CasRx蛋白的四环素诱导表达来实现该工具的可控化。随后,通过构建异源表达的绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)表达载体,并以单位OD菌液GFP荧光强度的变化来表征所构建调控系统的转录抑制效率。在大肠杆菌中构建得到此系统后,摇瓶发酵28小时后单位OD的荧光强度同比下降93%,证明大肠杆菌中的CRISPR/Cas13d转录调控系统构建成功,可为其他工具菌株中构建转录调控系统提供借鉴。
关键词:转录调控 CRISPR/Cas13d dCas9 RNAi 大肠杆菌
Construction of a Tool for Transcriptional Regulation of Escherichia coli Based on CRISPR/Cas13d System
ABSTRACT
Gene transcriptional regulatory tools can help people adjust metabolic pathways to optimize product metabolic pathways. However, the dCas9 (catalytically dead Cas9) transcriptional regulatory system represented by CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) system has some disadvantages, such as high miss -rate, tedious operation and so on. In addition, RNAi (RNA interference) and sRNA (small RNA), which target RNA, have the problem of attacking endogenous transcription. The newly discovered RNA targeted CRISPR/Cas13d system avoids the potential harm caused by contact with DNA. In addition, the CRISPR/Cas13d system does not have to combine with tracrRNA (trans-acting CRISPR RNA) to process mature crRNA (CRISPR RNA), which can target multiple RNA in a single vector to construct a multi-gene regulatory system. It is very convenient and fast.Compared with RNAi, dCas9, sRNA and other technologies, CRISPR/Cas13d system shows higher knocking efficiency and lower miss efficiency, which has a broad application prospect.
In this study, the transcriptional regulatory tools in E. coli were prepared by constructing the expression vectors of CasRx and gRNA respectively, and the tool was controlled by tetracycline induced expression of CasRx protein. Subsequently, the heterogeneously expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression vector was constructed, and the transcriptional inhibition efficiency of the constructed regulatory system was characterized by the change of GFP fluorescence intensity per unit OD bacterial solution.After the system was constructed in E. coli, the fluorescence intensity decreased 93% compared with 0 h after shaking flask fermentation for 28 h. The CRISPR/Cas13d system in E. coli was successfully constructed, which can be used as a reference for the construction of transcriptional regulation system in other tool strains.
Key Words: Transcriptional regulation; CRISPR/Cas13d; dCas9; RNAi; Escherichia coli
目录
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目录 III
第一章 文献综述 5
1.1 前言 5
1.2 转录调控工具 5
1.2.1 RNAi 5
1.2.2 sRNA 6
1.2.3 CRISPR/Cas系统 6
1.2.4 CRISPRi/CRISPRa 7
1.2.5 Cas13a系统 7
1.3 Cas13d系统简介 8
1.3.1 Cas13d系统的发现 8
1.3.2 Cas13d系统的特性 8
1.4 研究内容 8
第二章 实验材料与方法 10
2.1 实验材料 10
2.1.1 实验仪器设备 10
2.1.2 实验所需试剂 10
2.1.3 实验所需菌株 11
2.1.4 溶液与培养基配制 11
2.2 实验方法 11
2.2.1 基本分子生物学方法 11
2.2.2 CasRx蛋白表达质粒的构建 14
2.2.3 gRNA表达质粒的构建 15
2.2.4 报告系统的构建 16
2.2.5 转录抑制系统的建立与测定 16
第三章 结果与分析 18
3.1 CasRx质粒的构建 18
3.1.1 pXMJ19-CasRx质粒的构建 18
3.1.2 pXMJ19-CasRx-pSC101质粒的构建 18
3.1.3 pZSA-CasRx质粒的构建 19
3.2 gRNA质粒的构建 21
3.2.1 pTrcmob-DR-ccdB-DR质粒的构建 21
3.2.2 pTrcmob-DR-gRNA质粒构建 22
3.3 报告系统的构建 23
3.3.1 pTrc99A-GFP-p15A质粒的构建 23
3.4 转录抑制系统的建立与测定 24
3.4.1 转录抑制测试结果 24
3.4.2 pZSA-SD2-ATG-CasRx转录抑制测定 26
第四章 结论与展望 30
参考文献 31
致谢 34
第一章 文献综述
1.1 前言
转录调控工具有助于人们挖掘基因功能、调整代谢通路、优化产品流向、提高目的产品得率。目前,已有多种转录调控工具被用于调控基因表达,其中包括RNAi[1]、以及细菌中的sRNA(small RNA)[2]、还有以dCas9为基础的CRISPRi[3]、CRISPRa[4]等技术。其中RNAi因其靶向RNA的特性而被应用于医药领域新药的开发,然而其与内源性RNA直接发生作用,极有可能会影响到宿主DNA的正常表达。细菌中的sRNA虽展现出靶向mRNA的不俗潜力[5],却受困于与mRNA结合时呈现的较低的特异性。以dCas9为依托的CRISPRi、CRISPRa技术因其直接靶向于DNA,会对遗传信息流向产生不可逆的影响。2015年发现的Cas13家族的Cas13a系统避免了与DNA接触,直接作用于RNA后即可将遗传信息高效地传达给蛋白质[6],然而其蛋白质分子量较大无法被包装进入更小的病毒载体,应用于病毒侵染疾病的预防、医治。新近发现的CRISPR/Cas13d系统依托生物信息学挖掘得到[7],它直接靶向RNA而不必结合DNA,经自主加工CRISPR阵列形成多个gRNA(guide RNA),可被应用于多基因调控。发挥效应的蛋白CasRx仅由950个氨基酸组成,是现行分子量最小的Cas蛋白之一。此外,它展现出比已有的RNAi、sRNA、dCas9、Cas13a等系统更高的靶向效率以及较低的脱靶性,未来发展不可小觑。
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