论文总字数：15723字

摘 要

人们生活水平的提高，抗生素的使用量逐年增加，随着抗生素的普及，从原先二战横空出世的青霉素，到现在的各种抗生素百花齐放，虽然对我们的生活大有裨益，但也暴露这各种各样的问题，抗生素污染就是其中之一。氟苯尼考是目前一种常用的兽用抗生素，常作为饲料及疫苗用于养殖场等地。其被动物吸收的有效成分很少，大部分以原药的形式代谢排除体外，这些过量的药物通过粪便代谢物进入土壤水源，造成一系列的抗生素污染。同时由于投食过程中难以控制用量，动物体内经常会残留有氟苯尼考抗生素，威胁着人们的健康。本次实验旨在筛选分离出能够降解氟苯尼考的菌株并进行性能鉴别。

实验原料为家禽鸽子的粪便以及养殖场附件被污染的污泥，通过富集驯化培养，分离出纯种的降解菌株，并研究其在温度，接种量，加入量的改变下的降解情况，利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法进行残余氟苯尼考浓度含量的测定，寻找氟苯尼考降解菌适宜的降解环境。

筛选出的氟苯尼考降解菌，在28℃时氟苯尼考降解效率达到最高，过高或过低的温度均会抑制其降解；不同接种量梯度时，接种量的影响不是很大；不同氟苯尼考加入量梯度时，随着氟苯尼考的加入量逐渐增多，其降解效率逐渐增大，在75mg/L时达到最大值。

本次实验筛选出的氟苯尼考菌株具有比较不错的降解能力，氟苯尼考降解菌株的最佳条件下为温度28℃、加入量75mg/L、转速150 rpm，实验过程中接种量效率近似，但随着接种量的增多，其后续时间有继续降解的趋势。可在春秋温度适宜的情况下在污染的土壤水源中接种该菌株，会有明显的降解效果。

关键词：氟苯尼考；降解菌；筛选；性能鉴别；

ABSTRACT

With the improvement of people’s living standards,the use of antibiotics has increased year by year.With the spread of antibiotics,penicillin,which was born after the original World War II,and hundreds of flowers of various antibiotics are in bloom,although it is of great benefit to our lives,it also exposes Various kinds of problems,antibiotic contamination is one of them.Florfenicol is currently a commonly used veterinary antibiotics,often used as feed and vaccine for farms and other places.The active ingredients absorbed by the animals are few,and most of them are excreted in the form of the original drug.These excess drugs enter the soil water source through fecal metabolites,causing a series of antibiotic contamination.At the same time,due to the difficulty in controlling the dosage during the feeding process,florfenicol antibiotics often remain in animals,threatening people's health.The purpose of this experiment was to isolate strains capable of degrading florfenicol and perform performance identification.

The experimental raw materials were the poultry pigeon's excrement and the contaminated sludge of the farm's accessories.Through the enrichment and acclimatization culture,the pure strain was degraded,and the degradation conditions under the changes of temperature,inoculation amount,and added amount were studied and used.The concentration of residual florfenicol was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)to find the suitable degradation environment for florfenicol degrading bacteria.

The florfenicol-degrading bacteria were screened out,and the degradation efficiency of florfenicol was highest at 28 degrees Celsius at different temperature gradients,and the temperature was too high or too low to inhibit its degradation;the effect of inoculum size at different inoculation gradients Not very great;different florfenicol addition gradient,with the increase of the amount of florfenicol gradually increased,its degradation efficiency gradually increased,reaching a maximum at 75mg/L.

The florfenicol strain screened out in this experiment has relatively good degradability,and the florfenicol-degrading strain does not consider the conditions of the inoculum amount as the temperature of 28 degrees Celsius,the addition amount of 75 mg/L,and the rotational speed of 150 rpm.The amount of inoculum was appropriate,and the efficiency of inoculation was similar during the experiment.However,with the increase of inoculum size,the inoculation amount continued to degrade.The strain can be inoculated in a contaminated soil water source at a suitable temperature in spring and autumn,and there will be a significant degradation effect.

KEYWORDS：Florfenicol；Degrading Bacteria；Screening；Performance Identification；

目录

摘要 1

目录 4

第一章文献综述 错误!未指定书签。

1.1抗生素的简介 错误!未指定书签。

1.2抗生素的威胁 错误!未指定书签。

1.3氟苯尼考抗生素介绍 2

1.4氟苯尼考抗生素的药毒性 2

1.5氟苯尼考的降解方法 3

1.5.1光降解 4

1.5.2氧化降解 4

1.5.3化学水解 5

1.5.4微生物降解 5

1.6研究背景 6

1.6.1本研究的内容 6

1.6.2本课题研究的目的及意义 6

第二章材料与方法 7

2.1材料与试剂 错误!未指定书签。

2.1.1实验材料 错误!未指定书签。

2.1.2实验试剂 错误!未指定书签。

2.1.3实验器材 错误!未指定书签。

2.1.4培养基的配方 错误!未指定书签。

2.2步骤方法 错误!未指定书签。

2.2.1氟苯尼考降解菌株筛选 错误!未指定书签。

2.2.2氟苯尼考降解菌株性能研究 9

第三章结果与讨论 9

3.1标准曲线的绘制 11

3.2温度对降解菌株降解效率的影响 13

3.3菌株接种量对降解菌株降解效率的影响 14

3.4氟苯尼考加入量对降解菌株降解效率的影响 16

第四章结论与展望 错误!未指定书签。

4.1结论 17

4.2展望 17

参考文献 19

致谢 20

第一章、文献综述

1.1抗生素的简介

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