论文总字数：17789字

摘 要

异丁酸酯被广泛用于香料，纺织，增塑剂等各个工业领域，是工业生产重要的原料之一。

此次实验采用单一要素实验法，异丁酸和新戊二醇，异山梨醇作为原料，对甲苯磺酸，浓硫酸，氯化亚锡以及硫酸氢钠作为催化剂，以正丁醚，正己烷作带水剂，探究酸醇摩尔比，反应时间，反应温度和催化剂的加入量对酯收率的影响，最终得出异山梨醇酯最佳的反应温度是150℃，酯化收率达到了67.1%。而新戊二醇酯最佳的的反应条件是n(异丁酸)：n(新戊二醇)=3：1，反应时间6h，催化剂加入量为3%，最高的反应收率可达到88.5%。本次实验还考察了新戊二醇酯对PVC糊粘度的影响。

关键词：异丁酸 异山梨醇 新戊二醇 催化酯化 PVC糊

Study on synthesis technology of isobutyrate

Abstract

Isobutyric acid ester is widely used in various industries, such as spices, textiles and plasticizers, and is one of the important raw materials for industrial production.

In this paper, using the single factor experiment method, the isobutyric acid and neopentyl glycol, isosorbide as raw material, p-toluene sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, chloride and sodium bisulfate as the catalyst, with n-butyl ether, toluene as dehydrant, acid glycol ratio ,reaction time, temperature and catalyst influencing on the yield of the yield of the ester, the dosage, Final isosorbide ester the best reaction temperature is 150℃，the yield reached 67.1%.And neopentyl glycol ester the best reaction condition is n(isobutyric acid):n(neopentyl glycol )=3:1, 6h reaction time, catalyst addition amount was 3%, the highest reaction yield can reach 88.5%. The experiment also examined the effect of neopentyl glycol ester on the viscosity of PVC.

Key Words： Isobutyric acid Isosorbide Neopentyl glycol Catalytic esterification

PVC paste

目 录

摘 要..........................................................................................................................................I

Abstract...................................................................................................................................II

第一章 文献综述..................................................................................................................1

1.1异丁酸酯的研究进展及影响因素................................................................................1

1.1.1异丁酸酯的研究进展.........................................................................................2

1.2.2其它得到异丁酸酯的方法….............................................................................4

1.2.3.影响收率的因素.................................................................................................4

1.1.4原料的介.绍................................................................................................................5

1.2研究的目的与意义........................................................................................................6

第二章 实验部分..................................................................................................................7

2.1 实验材料.......................................................................................................................7

2.2 实验设备.......................................................................................................................8

2.3 实验步骤及操作...........................................................................................................9

第三章 结果与讨论............................................................................................................10

3.1催化剂种类对产品收率的影响..................................................................................11

3.2酸醇比对产品收率的影响..........................................................................................12

3.3 反应温度对产品收率的影响.....................................................................................13

3.4 反应时间对产品收率的影响.....................................................................................15

3.5催化剂加入量对产品收率的影响…………………………………………………..16

3.6化合物结构的初步分析…………………………………………………………..…17

3.7 新戊二醇酯对PVC糊粘度的影响...........................................................................19

第四章 结论与展望............................................................................................................20

参考文献................................................................................................................................21

致谢.........................................................................................................................................23

1. 文献综述

酯类化合物是无机酸和有机酸与醇进行酯化反应取得的产品的统称，因此酸不同又可以分无机酸酯和有机酸酯两大类。酯类化合物是重要的溶剂和合成的原料。酯类化合物绝大部分属于微毒到中等毒性这个阶段，很少的一部分是属于剧毒。酯类化合物有很多，常见的有甲酯类，乙酯类，丙酯类和丁酯类。酯类化合物在许多工业领域都有很好的应用，比如香料，纺织，乳化剂等等。它是我们生产生活不可缺少的原料，人类已经离不开酯类化合物的应用了。本文要研究的就是异丁酸酯类化合物，是酯类化合物的重要组成部分。异丁酸酯即异丁酸和醇在催化剂的催化作用下生成的酯类化合物的简称。异丁酸酯的种类也有很多，有如下几个分类：

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