MFC处理水中抗生素的研究毕业论文
2022-02-22 20:00:53
论文总字数:20472字
摘 要
上个世纪以来,抗生素被用于人类生活生产的多个方面,使用量十分巨大,滥用情况也颇为严重,由此造成了环境污染和生态破坏。本文研究的微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,简称MFC)为解决这一环境问题提供了新思路,它能在处理污染水体的同时实现产电,发展前景良好。本文主要研究MFC降解水中抗生素,以土霉素为底物,对其降解情况进行观测同时兼顾其产电能力的考察。
构建MFC双室反应器,首先加入葡萄糖为底物进行为期四周的微生物挂膜实验。接着逐步加入不同浓度的土霉素进行驯化,观察其降解效果及产电能力,研究MFC降解不同浓度抗生素的可行性,并通过开路与闭路的对照考察其优越性。最后,去除葡萄糖,以土霉素作为唯一底物驯化,考察其降解的可行性。
结果表明,MFC能够降解四环素类抗生素并且实现产电。在闭路的MFC反应器中,土霉素在一个驯化周期内的降解率最高可达75%。而在开路的MFC中,土霉素降解率最高不超过50%。同时,葡萄糖与土霉素共基质的MFC输出功率最高可达165mW/m2。而以土霉素作为MFC唯一底物时,降解效果同样良好,降解率保持在70%以上。最后本课题还对每个周期驯化后的反应液做了毒性分析。通过将斑马鱼胚胎在开路和闭路反应液中的存活率、孵化率、体长和心率进行对比,表明经闭路MFC反应器处理的土霉素反应液有更低的毒性。
关键词:微生物燃料电池 土霉素 降解率 输出功率
Research on the Treatment of Antibiotics in Water by MFC
Abstract
Since the last century, antibiotics have been used in many aspects of human life, usage is very huge,and abuse is also quite serious, which has caused environmental pollution and ecological destruction. The microbial fuel cell (MFC),which is studied in this paper, provides a new idea to solve this environmental problem. It can realize the production of pollution at the same time as the pollution of water. The development prospect is good. In this paper, we mainly study the treatment of antibiotics in water by MFC, and use oxytetracycline wastewater as substrate to observe the degradation effect and take into account its performance.
Construction of MFC dual chamber reactor, the first to join the glucose as a substrate for four weeks of microbial film experiment. And then gradually add different concentrations of oxytetracycline for domestication, observe the degradation effect and production capacity, study the feasibility of MFC degradation of different concentrations of antibiotics, and through the open and closed loop control of its advantages. Finally, the removal of glucose, oxytetracycline as the only substrate for domestication, to examine the feasibility of its degradation.
The results show that MFC can degrade tetracycline antibiotics and generate electricity. In closed-loop MFC reactors, the degradation rate of oxytetracycline in a domestication cycle is as high as 75%. In open circuit MFC, oxytetracycline degradation rate of not more than 50%. At the same time, glucose and oxytetracycline co-matrix MFC output power up to 165mW / m2. And oxytetracycline as MFC only substrate, the degradation effect is equally good, the rate of degradation remains above 70%. Finally, the subject also made a toxic analysis of the reaction solution after domestication of each cycle. By comparing the survival rate, hatching rate, body length and heart rate of the zebrafish embryos in open and closed circuit reactants, it was shown that the oxytetracycline reaction solution treated by the closed MFC reactor had lower toxicity.
Key words: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) ; Oxytetracycline; Degradation rate; Output power
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第一章 文献综述 1
1.1 抗生素污染物 1
1.1.1 抗生素在水环境中的产生及处理 1
1.1.2 土霉素 2
1.2 微生物燃料电池 2
1.2.1 MFC的工作原理 3
1.2.2 MFC的特性及实际应用 3
1.3 斑马鱼 4
1.4 课题的研究目的、应用价值和内容 4
1.4.1 研究的目的和应用价值 4
1.4.2 研究内容 5
第二章 实验与分析方法 6
2.1 实验仪器与药品 6
2.2 实验装置 7
2.3 实验操作方法 7
2.3.1 搭建反应器及挂膜培养 7
2.3.2 逐级驯化实验 8
2.3.3 去除碳源后的土霉素降解实验 9
2.4 测定项目和分析方法 9
2.4.1 电压和输出功率 9
2.4.2 土霉素降解图 10
2.4.3 动力学曲线 12
2.4.4 葡萄糖降解图及TOC的测定 12
第三章 性能分析及斑马鱼毒性实验 13
3.1 微生物挂膜实验 13
3.2 逐级驯化及去除碳源驯化实验分析 14
3.2.1 驯化输出电压情况 14
3.2.2 输出功率和极化曲线 15
3.2.3 由TOC分析降解情况 16
3.2.4 土霉素降解图 18
3.2.5 土霉素降解动力学曲线 20
3.2.6 葡萄糖降解分析 21
3.3 斑马鱼的毒性评估实验 22
3.3.1 斑马鱼的培养 22
3.3.2 实验流程 23
3.3.3 实验结果 24
3.4 本章小结 26
第四章 结论与展望 27
4.1 结论 27
4.2 展望 27
参考文献 29
致谢 32
第一章 文献综述
1.1 抗生素污染物
1.1.1 抗生素在水环境中的产生及处理
当今社会,人类和动物疾病的防治以及畜禽养殖业的发展已离不开抗生素,这使得它们在世界范围内使用广泛且用量极大。而进入人类和动物体内的抗生素大部分都不能被完全代谢,未被完全代谢的抗生素类物质通过粪便排出而进入水体[1],但代谢产物依旧具有生物活性,对环境造成污染。再者,抗生素需求如此之大,制药企业必然大量生产,微生物发酵是大量生产抗生素的主要方式,由此发酵工艺产生的工业废水若未被妥善处理,残留的抗生素经排放进入水环境会造成严重污染。另外,医用和医药实验所用抗生素,处理不当也是水环境中抗生素的重要来源。图1-1可以比较详细表明抗生素如何在水环境中产生。
图 1-1 抗生素类药物进入水体的途径[2]
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