石墨烯共固定化漆酶及介体的表征研究毕业论文
2022-02-22 20:19:47
论文总字数:19390字
摘 要
漆酶(Laccase,EC 1.10.3.2) 是一种含铜的多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidases, PPO) ,它能够氧化多种化合物,如邻、对苯二酚、多酚、对苯二胺、抗坏血酸等物质,且产物为水不产生其它有毒有害的副产物,也因此被称为绿色环保的生物催化剂。漆酶的最早出现是由日本著名学者吉田在其本国紫胶漆树(Rhus vernicifera) 的浸出浆液中找到的。由于其良好的底物特异性和稳定不变性,使得漆酶在造纸工业中的制浆、漂白和脱墨成为主力军,此外生物燃料、污染物降解、绿色有机合成、食品加工和生物传感器等也同样具有重要的使用价值。
然而漆酶本身的氧化还原电势电位很低,没办法自身作用于高氧化还原电势的底物,只能够部分的进行木质素的生物降解,限制了其生物漂白等领域的发展,需要通过漆酶/介体系统来解决。另外游离酶通常会存在稳定性低且价钱高的特点,使其发展受到限定,固定化技术是近年来急速发展的一种新技术,对酶进行固定化是解决其稳定性的有效途径。
石墨烯是近几十年来比较热门的具有广阔应用前景的功能材料,它具有非凡的物理和电学性质,比如比表面积高、导电导热性强、机械强度大等特点,被应用于电子产品优化、半导体材料等,以及生物医学的各个方面,如:药物靶向运输、细胞成像、肿瘤医疗和生物检测等。石墨烯应用于酶的固定化中的应用,可实现酶的重复利用、过程连续工艺等。是以,石墨烯共固定化漆及介体具有普遍的应用远景。
关键词:漆酶 石墨烯 固定化 介体 表征研究
The characterization of laccase and its mediator in graphene
Abstract
Laccase(Laccase,EC 1.10.3.2)is one of polyphenol oxidases(ppo) with Cu. It can oxidize a variety of compounds, such as ortho, hydroquinone, polyphenols, benzene, two amines, ascorbic acid and other substances. The product is water, does not produce other toxic and harmful by-products, and therefore is called a green environmental biocatalyst. The earliest appearance of laccase was found in the leaching slurry of Rhus vernicifera in Yoshida, a famous Japanese scholar. It is a kind of protein that can catalyze the curing process. In 1894, Bertrand named it laccase. Because of its good substrate specificity and stability invariance, makes laccase in papermaking industry, pulping and bleaching and deinking as bio fuels, pollutants degradation, green organic synthesis, food processing and biological sensors has important use value.
However, the oxidation reduction potential of laccase itself is very low, no way to its effect on the high oxidation-reduction potential of the substrate, can only be part of the biodegradation of lignin, restrict the development of the bio bleaching and other fields, need to be solved by Laccase / mediator system. In addition to the free enzyme usually has the characteristics of low stability and high price, its development is limited, the immobilization technology is a new technology developed rapidly in recent years, enzyme immobilization is an effective way to solve the stability.
Graphene is a functional material in recent decades is popular and has broad application prospect, it has extraordinary physical and electrical properties, such as specific surface area, high conductivity, high mechanical strength, is applied to the optimization of the electronic products, semiconductor materials, various aspects, such as: biomedical and targeted drug transport, cell imaging, tumor medical and biological detection. The application of graphene to enzyme immobilization can realize the reuse of enzyme and the continuous process. Therefore, graphene co - immobilization paint and mediator have a wide application prospect.
Key Words: Laccase; Graphene; Immobilization; mediator; characterization
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第一章 文献综述 1
1.1漆酶 1
1.1.1 漆酶的概述 1
1.1.2 漆酶的结构与催化特征 1
1.1.3 漆酶介体系统 2
1.2漆酶的应用 2
1.2.1 漆酶及介体系统对染料脱色的应用 2
1.2.2漆酶及介体系统对纸浆漂白的应用 3
1.2.3 漆酶及介体系统对废纸脱墨的应用 3
1.3 石墨烯 3
1.3.1 石墨烯的概述 3
1.3.2 石墨烯的制备 4
1.3.3 石墨烯的应用 4
1.4 本课题研究思路和意义 5
第二章 材料与方法 6
2.1 前言 6
2.2 实验试剂 6
2.3 实验仪器 7
2.4 实验方法 7
2.4.1 石墨烯的制备 7
2.4.2 氨基化石墨烯的制备 8
2.4.3 漆酶及介体的固定化 8
2.5 漆酶酶活的测定 8
2.6 石墨烯的表征 9
2.7 固定化漆酶和介体在酸性品红降解中的应用 9
第三章 结论与展望 11
3.1 红外光谱表征 11
3.2 电子显微镜表征 11
3.3 XRD表征 12
3.4 石墨烯热重分析 13
3.5 固定化漆酶和介体在酸性品红降解中的应用 14
3.6 小结 18
3.7 展望 19
参考文献 20
致谢 23
第一章 文献综述
1.1漆酶
1.1.1 漆酶的概述
漆酶(laccase)是一种含有Cu的多酚氧化酶,他具有着十分普遍的来源,好比在植物、真菌、细菌,甚至是一部分高等动物中都可以找的到,另外,漆酶的催化底物范围也很大,能催化许多种芳胺类或酚类化合物,如邻苯二酚和抗坏血酸等,而且催化底物后的产物是绿色环保的,只产生水不产生其他的有毒有害副产物[ 1,2 ],是一种环境友好催化剂。正因为漆酶的这些特点,大大地拓宽了漆酶的应用领域,包括制药、有机合成、纺织、造纸业的纸浆漂白和废纸脱墨以及食品加工和生物燃料电池等方面都有着巨大的潜在价值。
漆酶同其它的大多数酶是一样的,都具有蛋白质的多层次的结构性。漆酶中大多数都是单体酶,并配有Cu离子活性中心和糖配基。金属离子起保护作用,而蛋白质结构可以调节其反应活性,都是实现其特殊催化性质不可缺少的添加剂。[ 3 ]
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