论文总字数：20527字

摘 要

纳米氧化镉是一种近年来发现的半导体氧化物，在本文中用作催化剂对柴油中的含硫化合物进行氧化脱硫实验。

本文采用了化学沉淀法制备氧化镉纳米催化剂材料，通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、红外光谱和紫外可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱等分析手段，对制得的催化剂材料进行了分析。

本文采用单因素实验方法，通过改变过氧化氢的用量，醋酸的用量，氧化时间，萃取时间和催化剂的用量等条件，探究其对模拟油脱硫率的影响，并对反应条件进行优化。实验最终表明，在过氧化氢与柴油体积比值为1，醋酸与过氧化氢体积比值为1，氧化时间为120 min，萃取时间为30 min，催化剂用量为9g/L的情况下，模拟油的脱硫率可达到最高，对含噻吩（TS）模拟油的脱硫率最高达98.0%，对含苯并噻吩（BT）模拟油的脱硫率最高达99.1%，对含二苯并噻吩（DBT）模拟油的脱硫率最高达99.3%。

关键词：沉淀法 氧化镉 脱硫

Prepartion of CdO nano-catalyst by chemical precipitation method and its application in diesel desulfurization

ABSTRACT

The cadmium oxide nanopatricle is a new type of semiconductor oxide that has been discovered in recent years. It is used as catalyst for desulphurization of sulfur compounds in diesel.

The material of CdO nano-catalyst was prepared by chemical precipitation method. The above-prepared catalysts had been characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR and UV-Vis to analyze their structure and surface morphology.

This article explores the impact of reaction conditions by single-factor experiments on the desulfurization rate of model oil, such as quantity of hydrogen peroxide, the amount of acetic acid, oxidation time, extraction time, the amount of catalyst, and the reaction conditions were then optimized. The experiment result shows that the desulfurization rate of model oil can reach the highest level, which the optimal conditions were: volume ratio of hydrogen peroxide/model oil is 1:1, acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide is 1:1, oxidation time is 120 minutes, extraction time were 20 minutes and the amount of catalyst were 9 g/L. At the same time, the TS removal rate of model oil can reach 98.0%, the BT removal rate of model oil can reach 99.1% and the DBT removal rate of model oil can reach 99.3%.

Keywords: precipitation method; CdO; desulfurization

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract ..II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1引言..................................................................................................................1

1.2柴油中存在的主要硫化物..............................................................................1

1.3柴油脱硫的必要性..........................................................................................1

1.4柴油脱硫的方法..............................................................................................2

1.4.1加氢脱硫.................................................................................................2

1.4.2非加氢脱硫.............................................................................................3

1.5催化剂制备的方法..........................................................................................5

1.5.1溶胶凝胶法.............................................................................................5

1.5.2微乳液法.................................................................................................5

1.5.3离子交换法.............................................................................................5

1.5.4水解法.....................................................................................................6

1.5.5沉淀法.....................................................................................................6

1.6光催化氧化......................................................................................................6

1.7研究思路与研究内容......................................................................................6

第二章 实验部分..........................................................................................................8

2.1主要实验原料及仪器......................................................................................9

2.2实验方法..........................................................................................................9

2.2.1沉淀法制备催化剂.................................................................................9

2.2.2模拟油的配置.........................................................................................9

2.2.3氧化脱硫.................................................................................................9

2.3脱硫率计算公式..............................................................................................9

2.4纳米CdO催化剂的表征.................................................................................10

2.4.1 X射线粉末衍射（XRD）.....................................................................10

2.4.2红外光谱.................................................................................................10

2.4.3紫外可见（UV-Vis）漫反射光谱.........................................................11

2.4.4扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征结果.....................................................11

2.5实验结果与分析..............................................................................................12

2.5.1 H₂O₂用量对柴油去除硫化率的影响....................................................12

2.5.2醋酸用量对柴油去除硫化率的影响.....................................................13

2.5.3氧化时间对柴油去除硫化率的影响.....................................................13

2.5.4萃取时间对柴油去除硫化率的影响.....................................................14

2.5.5催化剂用量对柴油去除硫化率的影响.................................................14

2.6 单因素实验表.................................................................................................16

2.7 小结.................................................................................................................16

第三章 结果与展望......................................................................................................17

3.1结果..................................................................................................................17

3.2展望..................................................................................................................17

参考文献........................................................................................................................18

致谢................................................................................................................................21

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