论文总字数：23270字

摘 要

天然产物的提取工艺一直因其多学科性、多层次性和复杂性成为开发利用工程中的热点和难点。果蔬在运输、贮存和销售过程中，腐烂损失率达20-30%，直接影响了果蔬的市场价值。经过长途运输的果蔬，从采摘到到达商店出售通常会喷洒防腐剂，防腐剂的安全性又是我们所担心的。因此，寻求有效的保鲜储存技术，提高果蔬采摘后的抵抗力，减少采后疾病的发生，延长果蔬保存时间，是需要解决的主要问题。本研究利用从天然产物马尾松针中提取的保鲜成分松针多酚和安全低成本的保鲜剂壳聚糖，对营养价值较高且常见的圣女果进行保鲜实验，以失重率、腐烂率、感官评分、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量等几个指标来衡量保鲜效果。结果表明，在10mg/L、20mg/L和30mg/L松针多酚处理组中，保鲜效果最好的是30mg/L保鲜剂。在0.5%、1.0%和2.0%壳聚糖单液实验中，2.0%壳聚糖处理过的圣女果的保鲜效果最好。综合30mg/L多酚溶液和2.0%壳聚糖溶液两个最优单液浓度进行复合实验后，发现复合液的保鲜效果更优。

关键词：松针多酚 提取 圣女果 保鲜 壳聚糖

Abstract

The extraction process of natural products has always been a hot and difficult point in the development and utilization engineering of natural products due to its multidisciplinary, multi-level nature and complexity. For fruits and vegetables , sold and in the process of circulation and storage, the rot loss rate caused by disease invasion is as high as 20-30%, which directly affects the quality and market value of fruits and vegetables. After a long distance transportation of fruits and vegetables, from picking to arriving at the store for sale is usually sprayed with preservatives, the safety of preservatives is what we worry about. Therefore , it is the main problem to solve to seek effective preservation technology to improve the resistance of fruits and vegetables after picking, reduce the occurrence of diseases after the fruit and picking, and extend the preservation time of fruits and vegetables. The paper was extracted from the natural product horsetail pine needle polyphenols and safe and low-cost preservative chitosan experiment, to measure the weight loss rate , decay rate, sensory score, soluble solid form, and titrate acid content. The results showed that in the 10 mg/L、20mg/L and 30mg/L groups , the best fresh-keeping effect is 30 mg/L preservative. In 0.5%,1.0% and 2.0% chitosan single solution experiments，the best preservation effect is 2.0% chitosan treated cherry tomatoes. After the combination of two optimal single liquid concentration of 30 mg/L polyphenols solution and 2.0% chitosan solution, the preservation effect was better.

Keywords: pine needle polyphenols, extraction, cherry tomatoes, preservation, chitosan

目录

摘要...................................................................................Ⅰ

Abstract................................................................................Ⅱ

目录...................................................................................Ⅲ

1. 引 言...........................................................................1

1.1马尾松资源的研究开发现状.......................................................1

1.1.1马尾松的生物学特征........................................................1

1.1.2 我国马尾松分布、生产概况..................................................1

1.1.3松针营养成分和多酚功效....................................................1

1.2果蔬保鲜概述..................................................................2

1.2.1果蔬保鲜机理..............................................................2

1.2.2果蔬保鲜方法..............................................................2

1.3圣女果的营养价值及概况........................................................4

1.4研究背景和意义................................................................4

1.5主要研究内容和关键技术........................................................4

1. 马尾松针多酚的提取..............................................................5

2.1马尾松针提取物的制备..........................................................5

2.1.1实验材料..................................................................5

2.1.2实验试剂..................................................................5

2.1.3实验仪器..................................................................5

2.1.4实验方法..................................................................5

2.2没食子酸标准曲线的绘制........................................................6

第三章 马尾松针提取液在圣女果保鲜中的应用...............................................7

3.1实验材料与实验设计............................................................7

3.1.1实验材料..................................................................7

3.1.2实验试剂..................................................................7

3.1.3实验仪器..................................................................7

3.1.4实验方法..................................................................7

3.2测试指标与方法................................................................8

3.2.1失重率....................................................................8

3.2.2腐烂率....................................................................8

3.2.3感官评定..................................................................8

3.2.4可溶性固形物的测定........................................................8

3.2.5可滴定酸含量..............................................................9

3.3实验数据处理..................................................................9

3.4实验结果与分析...............................................................10

第四章 壳聚糖涂膜技术在圣女果保鲜中的应用.............................................14

4.1 壳聚糖涂膜概述...............................................................14

4.2实验材料与实验方法...........................................................14

4.3测试指标与方法...............................................................14

4.4实验数据处理.................................................................14

4.5实验结果与分析...............................................................15

第五章 两种最优单液浓度的复合保鲜......................................................20

第六章 结论............................................................................24

致谢...................................................................................25

参考文献(References)....................................................................26

1. 引言

1.1马尾松资源的研究开发现状

马尾松，别名青松、山松、枞树（广东、广西)、刺松（湖南)、枞柏（福建）等，属于松科(Pinaceae）松属（Pinus）油松派，因针叶丛似马尾而得名，是我国亚热带地区分布最广、资源最大的树种。

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