摘 要

毕业论文的内容为道路软土地基处理方法的研究和湖北省阳新县黄阳一级路的软土路基沉降观测和数据分析。目的是熟悉必要的施工知识，对现场施工工艺进行总结，掌握良好的报告编写技术。

首先通过课题的研究背景介绍了地基处理的意义，人工地基的分类以及建设黄阳一级公路的重要意义。然后指出了国内外道路软土路基的研究现状及发展并对常见的软土路基的处理方法进行了介绍并比较不同处理方法之间在适用范围、设计要点、施工工艺等方面的的差异。接着介绍了沉降观测的基本方法，并对路基的沉降和侧向位移的观测方法、频率和预警机制进行研究。最后介绍一下测量的基本情况，再分析测量过程中碰到的一些现象和问题并对测量的数据进行整理得出相关的结论。

通过本篇论文，可以让读者初步了解不同的软土路基的处理方法，对实际的软基测量工作也有一定的指导和参考的作用。

关键词： 软土路基；软基处理方法；沉降观测

Abstract

The content of graduation thesis is the study of road soft soil foundation treatment method and the settlement observation and data analysis of soft soil subgrade in Huangyang Grade Ⅰ Road, Yangxin County, Hubei Province.The purpose is to familiarize yourself with the necessary construction knowledge, to summarize the construction process, to master the good report preparation technology.

Firstly, the significance of foundation treatment, the classification of artificial foundation and the important significance of building Huangyang highway are introduced through the background of the research.Then, the research status and development of soft soil roadbed at home and abroad are pointed out and the treatment methods of common soft soil roadbed are introduced and the differences in the application scope, design points and construction technology are compared between different treatment methods.Then the basic methods of subsidence observation are introduced, and the observation methods, frequency and early warning mechanism of subsidence and lateral displacement are studied.Finally, the basic situation of the measurement is introduced, and some phenomena and problems encountered in the measurement process are analyzed and the relevant conclusions are drawn from the measured data.

Keywords：soft soil subgrade; soft foundation treatment method; settlement observation.

目 录

第一章绪论...................................................................................................................1

1.1课题研究的背景及意义.....................................................................................1

1.2国内外关于道路软土路基的研究现状及其发展.............................................3

1.3研究内容和方法.................................................................................................5

1.4研究路线图.........................................................................................................5

第二章常见的软土路基处理方法及其比较分析.......................................................7

2.1软土地基的相关概念 .......................................................................................7

2.1.1软土的概念...........................................................................................,......7

2.1.2软土的工程特性....................................................................................,.....7

2.2常见的几种软土路基处理方法的分析和比较.................................................8

2.2.1开挖换填法.....................................................................................,............8

2.2.2抛石挤淤法..................................................................................................9

2.2.3爆破排淤法..................................................................................................9

2.2.4反压护道法..................................................................................................9

2.2.5砂垫层法.....................................................................................................10

2.2.6砂井排水法.................................................................................................11

2.2.7塑料板排水法.............................................................................................11

2.2.8路堤荷载压重法.........................................................................................12

2.2.9强夯法.........................................................................................................13

第三章沉降与侧移观测............................................................................................15

3.1工程概况...........................................................................................................15

3.2测断面和测点布测............................................................................................15

3.3沉降观测基本方法............................................................................................16

3.3.1软基观测内容.............................................................................................16

3.3.2沉降和水平位移观测方法、频率和预警机制的研究.............................17

1地表沉降观测...........................................................................................19

2水平位移观测...........................................................................................21

3测量的相关预警机制...............................................................................23

第四章沉降及侧移观测的数据分析.........................................................................23

4.1基本说明............................................................................................................23

4.2测量基本情况....................................................................................................23

4.3数据的整理和分析研究....................................................................................23

1. ：结论与展望...................................................................................................34

5.1结论...................................................................................................................34

5.2展望...................................................................................................................34