基于自发光的农村公路T形交叉口交通安全设施设计毕业论文
2021-06-08 01:12:05
摘 要
农村公路是国家公路网重要组成部分。农村公路发展落后,照明条件差,交通设施不足,道路使用者素质参差不齐,导致农村公路交通事故数远高于其他类型道路,且事故伤亡率高。蓄光型自发光材料具有用量少、价格低、零能耗的优点,其自发光的特性能弥补农村公路照明设施不足,建设成本高、工期长的不足。论文主要对自发光材料发展近况、我国公路现状,包括其重要性及不足之处进行了研究,并将蓄光型自发光材料运用到交通设施中。蓄光型自发光材料运用于道路安全设施,对于提高农村公路夜间行车安全具有重要意义。本文创新点是将蓄光型自发光材料与道路安全设施相结合,设计出仿轮胎外形的新型道路护栏——“安全虹”,和蓄光型自发光材料在交叉口中的其他运用。
关键词:农村公路T型交叉口;蓄光型自发光材料;道路护栏;交通设施
Abstract
Rural highway is an important part of national highway network. It plays an essential role in the whole transportation system. For a variety of reasons, rural highway is underdeveloped. The light condition is poor and the infrastructure is insufficient. Additionally, the highway users have different qualities and the governors do not pay enough attention on it. These reasons make the accidents happen on the rural highways more continually. As long as the accident happens, the damage it causes is much more than in the city road.
In our country, the research on self-luminescent material is in the world leading level. All over the world, this kind of material has been used in more area. It can improve the poor light condition on rural highway. However, it is too difficult to apply self-luminescent material on the whole highway because of the expensive price. The study focus on the self-luminescent material which used on one safe facility achieve greater security for dark rural highway.
The results of the study are a kind of fence which looks like a rainbow and ancillary facilities which are self-luminescent. The fence named as Rainbow because it made by three parts. The body is an arcuation made by concrete. The self-luminescent material can provide guidance information in dark condition. The ancillary facilities include self-luminescent road marking, self-luminescent sign and self-luminescent zebra crossing. These facilities work together and form as self-luminescent security system. The aim of the design is to improve security on T type intersection in rural area.
Key Words:rural highway T type intersection; self-luminescent material; fence; road marking
目录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究的目的和意义 2
1.3国内外研究现状 3
1.4本文的研究内容思路和技术路线 3
第二章 农村公路概况 5
2.1建设农村公路重要性 5
2.2农村公路安全隐患 5
3.3小结 6
第三章 方案设计 8
3.1方案一:普通道路护栏 8
3.1.1方案介绍 8
3.1.2方案功能 8
3.1.3方案评价 8
3.2方案二:轮胎型护栏 9
3.2.1方案介绍 9
3.2.2方案功能 11
3.2.3方案评价 12
3.3方案三:“安全虹” 12
3.3.1方案介绍 12
3.3.2方案功能 14
3.3.3方案评价 14
3.4配套交通设施 15
3.4.1“安全虹”的实施方法 15
3.4.2其他配套设施的实施方法 17
第四章 方案评价 20
4.1社会效益 20
4.2 环境效益 20
4.3总结 21
参考文献 22
致谢 23
第一章 绪论
1.1研究背景
我国对于蓄光型自发光材料的研究位于世界领先水平。
蓄光型自发光材料又称为光致光超长余辉蓄光材料、非放射性蓄光材料、无电源自发光材料等[1]。自发光材料的特点就是低成本、无污染、零能耗,其发光原理为高光照条件下电子由低能级的基态跃迁到高能级的激发态,并储存能量,低光照条件下,电子由高能级的激发态回到低能级的基态,并在此跃迁过程中以光子的形式释放出储存的能量。电子跃迁的过程将会持续一定的时间,即余辉时间。自发光的颜色有白、红、蓝、绿等多种颜色可根据不同情况选择不同颜色的自发光材料使用。除此之外,自发光材料发出的光线为冷光,车灯照射条件下不会产生眩光等光污染现象,利于形成更好行车环境。
蓄光型自发光材料制品分为有机发光制品和无机发光制品,主要以发光纤维、发光塑料、发光水性涂料、发光膜、发光陶瓷和发光玻璃等产品的形式出现。其自身并不具备直接使用价值,必须结合其他物体,作为附属功能发挥作用。
蓄光自发光产品在国内消防领域已有运用,在隧道安全领域欧美等发达国家已经开始运用,但是国内在公路、隧道领域的运用是空白[2]。浙江省“金华市公路、隧道自发光节能照明标志设置工程”是全国首个在公路及隧道中运用自发光设施的工程项目,在节能环保和社会经济效益方面有显著效果。