摘 要

城市道路网中的交叉口承载着大量汇集、转向、疏散的车流与人流，是制约路网运行水平的关键原因，对城市交通的运行起到至关重要的作用，其交通组织控制管理是否合理直接影响着整个城市道路网的运行效率和通行安全。而畸形交叉口作为城市道路网中的特殊组成部分，是交通治理的难点所在，因此对于城市道路畸形交叉口的安全评价与优化设计有着重要现实意义。

本文基于课题的研究背景和意义，对畸形交叉口在安全评价和优化设计两方面进行了相关的研究，具体研究内容如下：

首先从形状、相交道路条数等不同的角度对现有畸形交叉口进行分类，研究畸形交叉口交通特性，总结畸形交叉口存在的主要问题，并从道路规划设计、道路交通环境构成要素两个层面对畸形交叉口安全影响因素加以分析总结。

其次，基于交叉口安全风险因素，从几何设计、车流运作、交通控制三方面拟定评价指标，主要评价指标有：物理区构型、交叉路口交角、道路功能阶差、相邻交叉口间距、视距视区状况、通行优先权等。通过查阅规范对各项指标的评价依据和标准进行了说明并按照优秀、良好、及格、差依次划分为A、B、C、D四个等级，其中D级必须改进，构建了交叉口安全评价指标体系。

然后在介绍畸形交叉口安全改善原则的基础上，主要从工程技术、交通渠化、交通控制、交通管理四方面探讨了交叉口的安全改善方法，并针对不太类型的畸形交叉口的设计方法进行分析。

最后选取武穴市北川路-粮食路-保康路交叉口为研究对象，对其现状问题进行了深入分析，运用已研究的理论并根据交叉口的实际情况，从物理层面和交通流组织层面提出了三种可行性方案。基于评价体系对各改善方案进行了综合评价和比选，方案一平均得分为73.8；方案二平均得分为75；方案三平均得分为80。根据评价体系内各等级对应分值区间可知，方案一等级为B-，方案二等级为B，方案三等级为B 。方案三与方案一、方案二相比，交叉口的实际物理区面积与理论物理区面积的比值更低，路口偏角也更小，交叉口看起来更加规整，路权明确清晰，更能让驾驶员行车规范，且行车舒适性好，因此推荐方案三作为该交叉口改善的首选方案。

关键词：畸形交叉口；交通渠化；多路交叉口；优化设计；方案评价

Abstract

The intersections in the urban road network carry a large number of converging, turning, evacuation of traffic and pedestrian flow. It is the key reason to limit the level of operation of the road network, on the operation of urban traffic plays a vital role. Its traffic organization and control management directly affect the operation efficiency and traffic safety of the entire urban road network. As a special part of the urban road network, the deformed intersection is a difficult point of traffic management, so the safety evaluation and optimization of the design of urban road deformed intersection has important practical significance.

Based on the research background and significance of the subject, this article has carried out related research on the safety evaluation and optimization design of the deformed intersection. The specific research contents are as follows:

Firstly, the paper classified the existing abnormal intersections from different angles such as shape and number of intersecting roads, studied the traffic characteristics of the abnormal intersections, summarized the main problems existing in the abnormal intersections, and analyzed and summarized the factors affecting the safety of abnormal intersections from two levels: road planning and design, and road traffic environment composition factors.

Secondly, based on the safety risk factors of the intersection, the evaluation indexes are drawn up from three aspects of geometric design, vehicle operation and traffic control. The main evaluation indexes include: physical area configuration, intersection angle, road functional level difference, adjacent intersection spacing, visual range visual area status, traffic priority, etc. The evaluation basis and standard of each index are explained by referring to the standard, and according to the excellent, good, pass and poor, they are divided into four grades: A, B, C and D, of which the grade D must be improved, and the intersection safety evaluation index system is constructed.

Then, on the basis of introducing the principle of improving the safety of the abnormal intersection, this paper mainly discusses the methods of improving the safety of the intersection from the four aspects of engineering technology, traffic channelization, traffic control and traffic management, and analyzes the design methods of the less type abnormal intersection.

Finally, the intersection of Beichuan Road, Liangshi Road, Baokang Road in Wuxue City was selected as the research object, and the current situation was analyzed in depth. Using the researched theory and according to the actual situation of the intersection, three feasible schemes were proposed from the physical level and traffic flow organization level. Based on the evaluation system, various improvement schemes were comprehensively evaluated and compared. The average score of Scheme 1 is 73.8; The average score of Scheme 2 is 75; The average score for scheme 3 is 80. According to the corresponding score range of each level in the evaluation system, scheme 1 is B -, scheme 2 is B, and scheme 3 is B . Compared with scheme 1 and scheme 2, scheme 3 has lower ratio of actual physical area to theoretical physical area, smaller intersection deflection angle, more regular intersection appearance, clear and clear right of way, more standardized driving for drivers, and better driving comfort. therefore, scheme 3 is recommended as the preferred scheme for improvement of the intersection.

Key Words：Abnormal intersection; Traffic channelization; Multiple intersections; Optimal design; Programme evaluation

目 录

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 研究背景和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.2.1 交叉口安全性评价 1

1.2.2 交叉口优化设计 2

1.2.3 国内外研究现状评述 3

1.3 主要研究内容 3

1.4 研究方法和技术路线 4

第二章 城市畸形交叉口的种类及现状 6

2.1 畸形交叉口的分类 6

2.2 畸形交叉口交通特性 6

2.3 畸形交叉口存在的主要问题 8

2.4 畸形交叉口安全影响因素分析 9

2.4.1 道路规划设计层面 9

2.4.2 道路交通环境构成要素层面 10

2.5 本章小结 11

第三章 畸形交叉口安全性评价 12

3.1 评价指标体系建立的基本原则 12

3.2 评价指标选取 12

3.3 评价体系构建 13

3.3.1 评价依据和标准 13

3.3.2 评价体系表 19

3.4 本章小结 21

第四章 畸形交叉口改善方法研究 22

4.1 畸形交叉口改善策略及措施 22

4.1.1 畸形交叉口安全改善的原则 22

4.1.2 工程措施 22

4.1.3 渠化措施 23

4.1.4 控制措施 23

4.1.5 管理措施 24

4.2 畸形交叉口的设计方法分析 25

4.2.1 X形交叉口 25

4.2.2 Y形交叉口 26

4.2.3 错位双T形交叉口 27

4.2.3 多路交叉口 28

4.3 畸形交叉口优化设计思路 29

4.4 本章小结 30

第五章 实例分析 31

5.1 武穴市六路畸形交叉口现状分析 31

5.1.1 交叉口基本情况 31

5.1.2 交叉口存在的主要问题分析 33

5.2 改善方案 37

5.2.1 方案一 37

5.2.2 方案二 38

5.2.3 方案三 39

5.3 方案评价 40

5.4 本章小结 42

第六章 结 语 44