深圳港集装箱码头船舶排放污染研究毕业论文
2021-06-08 00:27:20
摘 要
港口是带动周边城市经济发展的重要动力,同时也给当地环境带来了巨大挑战,严重威胁周边居民的健康。港口污染是当今国家在环境治理中亟待解决的问题。建立港口排放清单是对港口环境污染进行评价的基础,也是政府部门制定减排政策、评价减排效果的依据。我国港口针对排放清单的研究起步较晚,深圳港作为世界第三大集装箱港口,每年到港船舶4万余艘次,带来了严重的污染问题,建立船舶排放清单评价其排放水平十分必要。
本文通过分析深圳港船舶的到港情况、活动水平、减排措施实施情况,利用AIS系统以及其他船舶信息网站查询典型船舶主要尺寸、引擎功率、设计航速等相关参数,最终根据基于功率和基于燃油消耗的排放因子测算深圳港四大集装箱码头近三年的船舶污染物排放清单,分析深圳港集装箱码头船舶排放特征、变化规律及其内在原因,结果表明,所有污染物中NOX,SOX以及颗粒物排放量最大,盐田港在四大集装箱码头中排放最为严重,近三年除了盐田港排放减少,其余几个港区排放量均呈先减后增趋势。
最后根据深圳港减排工作实施现状以及国家相关要求,借鉴国内外其他港口在船舶减排方面的先进经验,针对深圳港进一步推进减排工作,分别就船舶、港口、政府三个方面提出合理建议。
关键词:集装箱船舶;AIS系统;空气污染;排放因子;减排
Abstract
Although port accelerates the economic development of the surrounding cities, at the same time, it also brings great challenges to the local environment, and poses serious threats to the surrounding residents’ health. Port pollution is an urgent problem to be solved in environmental governance. The establishment of the port emission inventory is the basis for evaluating the environmental pollution level of the port, and it is also the basic for the government to formulate emission reduction policies and to evaluate the validity of emission reduction measures. Studys about port emission inventory in our country is still in the early stage. Shenzhen port is the third largest container port in the world. There are over 40000 ships coming to Shenzhen port every year, which brings serious pollution problems, so it is necessary for Shenzhen port to establish a port emission inventory to evaluate the level of in-port ship emissions.
By analyzing the structure and activity level of ships arriving in Shenzhen port and emission reduction measures implemented now,and searching the typical ships’ related parameters by AIS system and ship information websites, including main dimensions, engine power and design speed, this paper finally choose the activity-based and fuel-based approaches to calculate the emission inventory of Shenzhen port from 2013 to 2015, then analyze the characteristic and change rules of ship emissions in the four major container terminals of Shenzhen port, and discuss the reasons that result in it. It turns out that NOX、SOX and PM are most serious among all pollution. Yantian terminal’ air pollution emission is the highest in the four major container terminals of Shenzhen port, but it is also the only one whose emission was decreasing in current 3 years while emissions in other three terminals decreased at first and then increased.
At last, according to the emission reduction implementation status in Shenzhen Port and the emission reduction requirements in our country, this paper puts forward several reasonable suggestions for shipping company, port and government in Shenzhen to further promote emission reduction work by drawing on domestic and foreign advanced experience in the field of ship emission reduction.
Key Words: Container ship,AIS system,Air pollution, Emission factor, Emission reduction
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究目的及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 2
1.2.1 国外研究现状 2
1.2.2 国内研究现状 2
1.3 研究方法及技术路线 3
1.3.1研究方法 3
1.3.2 技术路线 4
第2章 深圳港集装箱码头船舶现状分析 5
2.1 深圳港现状分析 5
2.2 深圳港船舶现状 5
2.2.1 深圳港到港集装箱船舶现状 5
2.2.2 深圳港港作拖船现状 7
第3章 深圳港集装箱码头船舶排放清单建立 8
3.1 深圳港排放清单构建 8
3.1.1 排放清单测算范围 8
3.1.2 计算模型分析选取 10
3.2深圳港船舶排污量计算 11
3.2.1 排放因子的确定 12
3.2.2 集装箱船舶排污量计算 14
3.2.3 港作拖船排污量计算 22
3.2.4 已有减排措施减排效果计算 23
3.2.5 计算结果分析 23
第4章 深圳港集装箱码头船舶减排监管博弈分析 26
4.1 政府方与船方非合作博弈模型 26
4.2 博弈模型纳什均衡分析 27
4.3 博弈结论分析 29
第5章 深圳港集装箱码头船舶减排建议 30
5.1 船舶方面 30
5.2 港口方面 31
5.3 政府方面 32
第6章 结论及展望 35
6.1 结论 35
6.2 展望 35
参考文献 37
致谢 39
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究目的及意义
二十一世纪,经济中心逐渐向沿海地区转移。随着船舶运输的不断发展,在港船舶污染物排放对当地环境的影响日益凸显。甚至在一些航线密集的区域,船舶排放已经成为当地主要的大气污染源。国际海事组织(IMO)的统计资料表明,全球船舶柴油发动机每年排放的氮氧化物约为1000万吨,硫氧化物约为850万吨。船舶排放的硫氧化物和氮氧化物等对大气环境造成的危害已成为国际关注的焦点。
但是目前针对柴油机的先进的燃烧技术及排气后处理技术大多还只是应用于柴油机动车,在船舶上的应用还比较少。考虑到船舶柴油机工作条件恶劣,负荷大,工况变化剧烈,对发动机的可靠性和加速性等都有更高的要求,再加上挂靠港口船舶很多都是外籍船,港口对其约束力较小,对其排放污染实施控制难度较大。所以,船舶的排放控制还有很多难点问题有待解决。