摘 要

随着世界海运技术的进步与完善，集装箱班轮运输表现出蓬勃生机，发展迅速。近年来，我国在水运领域建设不断扩大，伴随“一带一路”战略的提出，我国在水路运输上取得瞩目成绩的同时，航运企业间的竞争也变得尤为激烈。因此，企业为增强自身竞争力、占据更多市场份额，对航线的要求也变得更为严格，显示出航线优化的重要现实意义。

集装箱班轮运输是航运企业根据预先的船期表，在固定的挂靠港之间，通过集装箱船舶在固定航线上往返，进行海上货物运输的一种经营方式。正是这种“定时、定线、定港”的特点，集装箱班轮运输自上个世纪出现以来，便得到广泛关注，发展速度十分迅猛。然而，机遇往往面临挑战。在我国航运市场行情大好、航运政策宽松下，国外航运企业纷纷加大投资，航运企业间的市场竞争变得尤为激烈。为谋求自身的生存与发展，航运企业必须从全局入手，通过构建合理运输路径、选择适宜挂靠港口、充分配置船舶等方面对集装箱班轮运输航线进行优化设计，从而降低营运成本，提高经营效益。

对集装箱班轮航线进行优化设计涉及范围较广，需要考虑多种因素相互作用。其中，港口货运需求量会因船舶挂靠港口时间不同而变化，这种由时间窗带来的不确定性影响在航线优化时不可忽视，这也加大了问题的复杂性。本文正是通过分析集装箱班轮运输现状中存有的问题，在考虑时间窗影响下进行航线优化设计。通过建立蚁群算法模型，并应用于实例中，在求解时将港口货运需求时间窗因素被考虑与否后所得结果进行对比分析，验证港口货运需求时间窗影响下对集装箱班轮航线优化具有一定的参考价值。

关键词：集装箱班轮航线优化设计；时间窗；蚁群算法

Abstract

With the progress and improvement of the world's shipping technology, container liner transportation shows vigorous vitality and rapid development. In recent years, one belt, one road strategy has been put forward in China's construction of water transportation. The competition among shipping companies has become more intense as well. Therefore, in order to enhance their competitiveness and occupy more market share, the requirements for routes have become strict, which is the significance of route optimization.

Container liner transportation is a kind of operation mode for shipping enterprises to transport goods by sea between the fixed port of call and the fixed route through container ships according to the pre schedule. It is this characteristic of "timing, alignment and port setting". Since the emergence of container liner transportation in the last century, it has been widely concerned and developed rapidly. However, opportunities often face challenges. In China, the shipping market is very good and the shipping policy is loose. Foreign shipping companies have increased their investment. The market competition among shipping companies has become particularly fierce. In order to seek their own survival and development, shipping enterprises must start from the overall situation, and optimize the design of container liner transportation routes by building a reasonable transportation path, choosing a suitable port, and fully deploying ships, so as to reduce operating costs and improve operating efficiency.

The optimization design of container liner routes involves a wide range of factors, which need to consider the interaction of many factors. Among them, the demand of port freight will change with the time when the ship is attached to the port. The uncertain influence brought by the time window cannot be ignored in route optimization, which also increases the complexity of the problem. In this paper, by analyzing the problems existing in the current situation of container liner transportation, the route optimization design is carried out under the influence of time window. Through the establishment of ant colony algorithm model and its application in an example, the results obtained after considering the time window factor of port freight demand are compared and analyzed to verify that under the influence of the time window of port freight demand, it has a certain value for the optimization of container liner routes.

Key words: container liner design、time window、ant colony algorithm

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究目的与意义 1

1.1.1 研究目的 1

1.1.2 研究意义 1

1.2 国内外研究综述 1

1.3 研究主要内容与技术线路 2

第2章 集装箱班轮运输航线设计现状分析 5

2.1 集装箱班轮运输航线设计现状 5

2.2 目前存在的问题 12

第3章 基于港口货运需求时间窗的集装箱班轮航线优化模型构建 13

3.1 货运需求时间窗概述 13

3.1.1 时间窗定义 13

3.1.2 时间窗分类 13

3.1.3 时间窗对航线影响 14

3.2 模型构建原则与思路 14

3.3 模型构建方法 14

3.3.1 蚁群算法基本原理 14

3.3.2 蚁群算法特点 15

3.4 模型构建 17

3.4.1 模型已知条件与相关假设 17

3.4.2 模型中涉及符号说明 17

3.4.3 模型构建 18

第4章 实证研究 22

4.1 模型参数确定 22

4.2 实验计算 24

4.3 结果分析 27

第5章 研究结论与展望 28

参考文献 29

附录A 30

附录A1 代码I 30

附录A2 代码II 33

附录A3 代码III 34

致谢 37

第1章 绪论

1.1研究目的与意义

1.1.1研究目的

集装箱班轮运输是班轮运输企业根据预先所制定的船期表，在固定的挂靠港之间，通过以集装箱为运输单元的船舶在固定航线上往返，并进行海上货物运输的一种经营方式。“定时、定线、定港”为其主要特点，并有两种经营模式，一种是“场站到场站”运输（CY - CY），另一种是“门到门”运输（DOOR - DOOR）。

集装箱班轮运输的出现影响深远，对于海运来说更是一次巨大变革^[1]。集装箱班轮运输采用与以往干散货运输截然不同的方式，凭借该模式下的独有优势，在近年来发展速度十分迅猛。集装箱班轮运输为海上货物运输的一种经营方式，将集装箱看作运输基本单元，并经由船舶使集装箱流动于各个港口和腹地，完成货物的运输。这种运输方式不仅可以利用集装箱装卸效率高的特点，大大减少船舶港内停留时间，节约营运成本，提高航线运营收益；更能通过集装箱自身的标准化，对各运输环节进行有效控制。除此之外，集装箱作为外包装包裹货物，可以有效减少货物运输过程中的货物损坏。正是凭借以上优势，集装箱班轮运输在海运中已经发展为重要领域，占据主导地位。