城市复杂道路交叉口交通评估及优化研究——以中山南路和应天大街交叉口为例
2022-12-23 10:47:12
论文总字数:31592字
摘 要
随着我国城市化人口的增长,私人汽车的保有量在逐渐增加,城市道路交通量也大幅度上升,我国许多城市复杂道路交叉口存在着设计考虑不全面、交通设施设置不科学等继续处理的问题,已不能满足日益增长的交通需求,对交叉口甚至整个城市道路系统的运行效率造成了很大的负面影响,最终导致城市交通事故多发、拥堵常见等交通现状。而复杂道路交叉口又关联着跟其相互交错或影响的其他城市道路系统,所以对受多种因素影响的复杂道路交叉口的交通评估和优化研究,于整个城市道路交通而言,具有迫切实际的意义。由于城市复杂道路交叉口受各种外部和内部的原因影响,不能简单地用一般平面交叉口的优化方式去处理复杂交叉口存在的一些问题。
本文先从城市道路交叉口各种交通流的交通特征和交通冲突进行分析,得出交叉口存在的现状问题,为接下去渠化设计和配时优化提供理论支持,然后综合渠化设计和配时优化手段得出初步综合优化方案,最后用Vissim仿真对优化方案和原配时方案进行效果对比检验得到交叉口评价所需的各类指标,并用价值分析法构建的函数与现状相对比,得出方案的实际优化效果。在渠化设计方面,基于对交通流分离的原理,针对交叉口的各种交通流常用渠化手段进行介绍; 在配时优化方面,先介绍了传统信号配时方法——Webster延误计算公式,指出其本身所受限制和不足,并采用了对Webster计算公式的修正模型进行配时优化设计。
以南京市应天大街与中山南路交叉口为实例,基于实际调查数据并综合优化方案,针对案例交叉口的存在问题提出最终优化设计方案,通过Vissim交通仿真验证渠化设计和配时优化的效果。
关键词:复杂道路交叉口;交通特性;信号控制;交叉口评估;优化研究
Research on traffic evaluation and optimization of urban complex road intersections
Abstract
Along with our country urbanization, population growth, the private car ownership in gradually increase, the sharp rise in urban road traffic is also, in many cities in our country there is a complicated road intersection design consideration is not comprehensive, such as traffic facilities set unscientific continue to deal with, can not meet the increasing traffic demand, intersection and even the whole efficiency of urban road system caused great negative impact, eventually led to the city traffic accidents, such as common traffic status quo. However, complex road intersections are related to other urban road systems that are interlaced with them or affected by them. Therefore, the traffic evaluation and optimization study of complex road intersections affected by various factors is of urgent practical significance for the whole urban road traffic. Because the urban complex road intersections are affected by various external and internal reasons, it is not possible to solve the existing problems of the complex intersections simply by the optimization method of the general level intersections.This article first from a variety of urban road intersection traffic characteristics of traffic flow and traffic conflict analysis, concluded that problems the present situation of the intersection, for the next highly channelizing design and timing optimization to provide theory support, and then synthetically canalization design and timing optimization means a preliminary comprehensive optimization, the final use Vissim simulation effect comparison of optimization scheme and the original scheme evaluation index for all kinds of inspection for intersection, and the value analysis method to construct the function and present situation, the actual effect of optimization of alternative. In the aspect of channelization design, based on the principle of traffic flow separation, various common channelization means of traffic flow at the intersection are introduced. In the aspect of timing optimization, Webster delay calculation formula, a traditional signal timing method, is first introduced, and its limitations and shortcomings are pointed out, and the modified model of Webster calculation formula is adopted for timing optimization design.Taking the intersection of yingtian street and zhongshan south road in nanjing city as an example, based on the actual survey data and the comprehensive optimization scheme, the final optimization design scheme was proposed aiming at the existing problems of the case intersection, and the effect of channeling design and timing optimization was verified through Vissim traffic simulation.
Keywords: Complex road intersections;Traffic characteristics; Intersection assessment; Optimization research
目录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.2.1国外研究现状 1
1.2.2 国内研究现状 2
1.3 研究内容及技术路线 3
第二章 复杂道路交叉口交通特性分析 5
2.1 城市复杂道路交叉口概述 5
2.2 城市复杂道路交叉口交通特性分析 5
2.2.1 信号交叉口机动车交通特性分析 5
2.1.2 信号交叉口非机动车及行人交通特性分析 7
2.3 本章小结 9
第三章 交叉口优化策略 10
3.1 信号交叉口渠化设计 10
3.1.1 渠化概述及原则 10
3.1.2 平面信号交叉口与复杂道路环境交叉口渠化思路的区别 10
3.1.3 机动车道渠化设计 11
3.1.4非机动车道渠化设计 14
3.1.5 行人过街渠化设计 15
3.2交叉口信号配时优化 16
3.2.1传统信号配时方法 16
3.2.2 Webster延误计算模型 17
3.3.3 Webster延误模型修正 18
3.3本章小结 18
第四章 交叉口评价 19
4.1 确定评价指标 19
4.2 常用评价方法介绍 20
4.3 基于价值分析法的评价模型 21
4.3 本章小结 21
第五章 应天大街与中山南路交叉口实例分析 22
5.1 实例介绍 22
5.2 交叉口交通数据 23
5.2 渠化设计和配时优化方案 24
5.2.1 存在问题和相应渠化设计 24
5.2.2 配时方案 25
5.3 案例交叉口优化仿真与检验 26
5.4本章小结 27
第六章 结论与展望 28
6.1 主要结论 28
6.2 研究展望 28
参考文献 30
致谢 32
第一章 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
复杂道路交叉口在城市交通系统中,不但行使着一般平面交叉口的功能,又紧紧关联着跟其相互交错或影响的其他城市道路系统,所以对受多种因素影响的复杂道路交叉口的交通评估和优化研究,于整个城市道路交通而言,具有迫切实际的意义。
随着机动车迅猛发展给城市交通带来严峻压力,增加了城市交通负荷。据公安部统计,2019年全国新注册登记机动车3214万辆,机动车保有量达3.48亿辆,其中新注册登记汽车2578万辆,汽车保有量达2.6亿辆;机动车驾驶人达4.35亿人,其中汽车驾驶人3.97亿人;数据显示,截至2019年底,全国汽车保有量达2.6亿辆,与2018年底相比,增加2122万辆,增长8.83%。全国66个城市汽车保有量超过百万辆,30个城市超200万辆。其中,北京、成都、重庆、苏州、上海、郑州、深圳、西安、武汉、东莞、天津等11个城市超300万辆。城市道路交通量已然呈现出大幅的增长,目前城市道路各种交叉口的设计可能无法满足交通需求。日益增加的交通流量给城市道路带来巨大的压力,在受多种因素影响的复杂道路交叉口表现尤为严重。目前,交叉口大面积交通拥挤、交通冲突的现象是时有发生,严重影响了市民出行的交通安全和出行效率。
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