摘 要

征信最初的诞生是为了解决在经济交易过程中由于双方信息不对称而导致的风险问题，如普通的买卖交易和金融信贷业务都属于这个范畴。信用信息报告的作用相当于公民的“经济身份证”，记录了公民以往的经济行为，从而对未来的经济行为作出预测。随着征信的发展，信用信息报告所涵盖的信用指标种类日益增多、记录的内容更加全面，加强了风险预估能力。征信的重要性逐渐在日常生活中凸显出来。与发达国家相比，我国征信行业仍处于市场起步阶段，随着大量民营征信机构的诞生，规范征信行业运作模式、健全征信体系已成为当务之急。

本文借鉴了国外发达国家典型的征信模式和征信监管方式，通过不同运作模式优缺点的分析和监管方式的比较，引发对我国征信体系制度发展的思考。先是对我国征信行业发展历程和现状进行了介绍，我国征信行业发展四十年来，逐步建立起以中央银行征信系统为核心，民营机构共同发展的征信模式。然后是针对征信规模、监管、技术、需求、教育体系等现存问题，分别从政府和征信机构两个角度出发，提出加快立法监管、加强个人信息保护、征信知识宣传和行业协作等建议。对于征信信息的有效利用，可从经济方面拓展应用到社会管理方面。以廉租房制度和失业救济金制度为实例，结合征信体系，通过对这两个社会突出问题的详细分析，解释说明如何将个人信用信息报告应用于社会管理。同时社会管理活动中产生的不良失信行为也应记录到信用报告中，作为一个参考。

关键词：征信体系、个人信用、征信管理、信用信息

Abstract

Credit was originally born to solve the problem of risk caused by asymmetric information between the two parties in the context of economic transactions, such as ordinary commercial transactions and financial credit activities. The function of the credit information report is equivalent to a citizen's "economic ID card", which records the past economic behavior of the citizen and thus predicts the future economic behavior. With the development of credit information, the types of credit indicators covered by credit information reports are increasing and the content of records is more complete, which improves the ability to predict risks. The importance of credit reporting is gradually highlighted in daily life. Compared to developed countries, the credit information industry in my country is still at the initial stage of the market. With the birth of a large number of private credit reporting agencies, standardizing the operation mode of the credit reporting industry and improving the credit reporting system have become urgent tasks.

This article draws on the typical credit reference model and credit reference supervision methods of foreign developed countries. Through the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the different operating modes and the comparison of supervision methods, it triggers reflection on the development of the credit repository of my country. Firstly, the development history and current situation of my country's credit reporting industry are introduced. Over the past 40 years, my country's credit reporting industry has gradually established a credit reporting model with the central bank's credit reporting system as the core and private institutions developing together. Then, from the perspective of the credit reporting scale, supervision, technology, demand, education system, etc., from the perspective of the government and credit reporting agencies, respectively, put forward proposals to speed up legislative supervision, strengthen personal information protection, credit information promotion, and industry collaboration. . For the effective use of credit information, it can be extended from economic aspects to social management. Taking the low-rent housing system and the unemployment benefits system as examples, combined with the credit reporting system, through a detailed analysis of these two prominent social issues, explain how to apply personal credit information reports to social management. At the same time, the bad trustworthy behaviors generated in social management activities should also be recorded in the credit report as a reference

Key words: Credit information system, personal credit, credit information management, credit information

目录

第一章 引言 1

1.1选题背景及问题提出 1

1.2研究文献综述 1

1.2.1国外研究现状 1

1.2.2国内研究现状 2

1.3研究内容与主要方法 3

1.3.1研究内容 3

1.3.2研究方法 3

1.4研究意义 3

第二章 典型征信体制介绍 4

2.1征信模式 4

2.2征信监管 6

第三章 我国征信行业发展现状分析及建议 9

3.1我国征信行业发展历程 9

3.2我国征信行业现状 9

3.3我国征信行业存在的问题 11

3.4对我国征信行业发展的建议 12

第四章 社会突出问题案例分析 14

4.1以廉租房为例 14

4.1.1廉租房制度发展与现状 14

4.1.2廉租房制度建设存在的问题 15

4.1.3对廉租房制度的建议 16

4.2以失业救济金为例 16

4.2.1失业救济金制度介绍 16

4.2.2失业救济金制度现状 17

4.2.3对失业救济金制度的建议 17

第五章 结论与展望 19

参考文献 20

致谢 22

第一章 引言

1.1选题背景及问题提出

我国征信业从20世纪80年代起步以来，征信市场已经形成一定雏形，征信行业在经济发展中的作用日益凸显。但是，由于征信立法空白，行业监管机构缺失，征信机构的专业度也参差不一（部分机构的征信成本较高、技术仍待提升），目前还没有形成具备较强的市场竞争力、具备国际影响力的权威性征信机构。因此，我国的征信业发展仍处于初级阶段。与此同时，现有的信用信息报告早已成为公民重要的“经济身份证”，中央银行掌管的信用信息基础数据库收录了用户的个人信息、金融信贷信息等，是我国最具征信力的官方征信查询系统，征信主要服务于经济层面，服务范围有限。大数据技术的应用使得信息的采集、挖掘和分析手段不断进步，征信的评估指标应不断丰富，其数据来源不仅仅来源于用户财务信息，还应涵盖用户的网络行为信息（搜索关键字、常用的表情符号）和其他重大事件信息（慈善行为、个人荣誉）。如何通过技术的升级、征信规模扩大、信用信息的高效利用使得征信承担的社会责任从经济层面逐渐扩展到社会管理层面是现阶段值得探讨的问题，我国亟需借鉴国外经验，使我国征信体制不断规范快速发展。

1.2研究文献综述

1.2.1国外研究现状

国外学者对征信体制的研究主要集中在以下几个方面：

首先是对公共征信和私营征信两种征信模式的研究，进行了大量的对比分析,阐述了世界各国是如何依据自身国情和征信业实际发展，找到适合本国的征信模式。Y.M.Pan研究了在电子商务环境下，征信服务体系是如何发展、如何影响交易行为的^[1]。NicolaJentzsch以美国模式和欧洲模式对研究对象，从体系设计思路和信用功能等方面做出比较，探究不同的征信模式是如何影响经济的。