论文总字数：62656字

南京工业大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

Letter of Commitment

Private solemn statement: the whole content of this Graduation Thesis (Title：Key development factors of the transit and transport potential of Kazakhstan for China) is made and the whole results are experimented personally under the guidance of my faculty advisor. Except the deliberately added remarkable contents, this graduation thesis is completed with my own knowledge and doesn’t involve other thesis written by any other person or group.

Signature:

Name: Mustafin Arystan

Date: June 2, 2020

I

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The geographical location of the Republic of Kazakhstan is at the middle of Asia and Europe, between two economy-giant countries for today – Russia and China, and other Central Asian countries around such as Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. The most admitting advantage of Kazakhstan – for sure its individual geographical position which reveals its valuable transport potential on the field of transit traffic. Transportation process is usually carried out from Europe to Asia, specifically, to the West part of China, and then to the South-East Asia countries through the territory of Kazakhstan by road, rail and Air services^[1]. Today, the Republic of Kazakhstan is in the process of active building up its transit policy, improving its directions and the formation of new vectors. The article discusses development issues transit and transport potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Submitted by main conclusions on the development of a feasibility study for the construction of a logistics terminal in the seaport of Lianyungang (China) as one of the lines of building transit policy, improving its directions and forming new vectors^[2]. The relevance of the construction of the logistics terminal is dictated the need to implement national interests and further build up political and economic advantages of Kazakhstan, which can possibly lead to significant changes in Chinas import and export rates. The main purpose and objective of this paper is to analyze the transport potential of Kazakhstan and find out Kazakhstan’s transportation relation to China’s economy. The results of this research are concluded that Kazakhstan has a great potential to connect several countries and transport goods by the best way possible, especially connecting China and Europe together, which proves that Kazakhstan’s geographical position and developing transport infrastructure plays the significant role in the development of economy of neighbor countries.

Keywords: transport infrastructure, transport potential, transportation, transit.

II

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

LETTER OF COMMITMENT I

ABSTRACT II

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 BACKGROUND 1

1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2

1.3 RESEARCH 3

1.3.1 Objective of research 3

1.3.2 Research question 3

1.3.3 Research Methodology 4

1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS 4

CHAPTER 2. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSPORTATION 5

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO ALL TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION 5

2.2 TRANSPORT IN WORLD ECONOMY 8

CHAPTER 3. THE TRANSPORTATION POTENTIAL OF KAZAKHSTAN 11

3.1 KAZAKHSTAN’S GEOGRAPHICAL ADVANTAGE AND ECONOMICAL STATUS 11

3.2 KAZAKHSTAN’S TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS 11

3.3 IMPROVEMENT FOR TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION IN KAZAKHSTAN 13

3.3.1 INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN KAZAKHSTAN 15

CHAPTER 4. KAZAKHSTAN’S PRESENCE IN CHINA’S ECONOMY 17

4.1 FIRST ECONOMIC TIES BETWEEN CHINA AND KAZAKHSTAN 17

4.2 LIANYUNGANG LOGISTICS TERMINAL AND KAZAKHSTAN 17

4.3 EXPORT AND IMPORT STATISTICS BETWEEN KAZAKHSTAN AND CHINA 19

4.4 “ONE BELT, ONE ROAD”: THE ADVANTAGES THAT KAZAKHSTAN BRINGS TO CHINA 20

CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION 24

5.1 CONCLUSION 24

REFERENCES 25

南京工业大学本科生毕业设计（论文）

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Since ancient times the location of the Great Kazakh steppe has always been special due to its importance on a global scale. For instance, caravans of the Great Silk Road always had been accepted by Kazakh nation (Kazakhstan as a Republic at that time wasn’t established yet) in the place of their settlements. As long as Kazakh humanity has been located in the middle of Central Asia and the Silk Road started from borders of China, the territory of Kazakh people was the most convenient and the safest place to go through and then step to the West and to European side. In other words, Kazakh location was used as “an entering gate” to different parts of the World^[3].

The Silk Road had a significant impact on the World by introducing, by that time, “new” type of goods to people from different civilizations during their crusade. This caravan trade route lasted more than 7 thousand kilometers which is incredibly far, if considering that there was completely no transport infrastructure at that time. The territory of Kazakh nationality always played a “linking” role, because it is a bridge between Western and Eastern civilizations. Up until now, the Republic of Kazakhstan still counts as a developing transit area that helps its neighbor countries to spread the goods around the World^[4].

The relationship between Kazakhstan and People’s Republic of China was established at the end of 20th century, when both countries were searching the ways to strengthen ties with neighboring nations and improve the economical condition within the country. Through import and export transportation and the transit of Chinese products to the other countries both parties get significant benefit. However, despite such strength as a variety of shipping options and an opportunity to send goods in a different direction, there is also the list of weaknesses that can be potentially developed and lead to greater productivity and profitability in both China and Kazakhstan. As long as Kazakhstan is developing country, this research seems appropriate to establish further options for developing and estimate how China will also benefit from Kazakhstan’s development of transit and transportation^[5].

The potential of transit is a mixture of external and internal conditions and factors that set the chance of the country rendering services of international transit throughout its territory. Kazakhstan’s valuable and important geographical position in the heart of the Eurasian continent has identified an important course of the economic development of the country. Today, the ventures focused on productive utilization of the travel and transport capability of the nation are effectively executed by the modernization and development of worldwide travel halls, carrying

Chapter 1. Introduction

them into consistence with universal measures. The third part of the cutting edge Silk Road, which is a piece of the gigantic transnational venture "Western Europe-Western China", will be stumbled into the domain of Kazakhstan—very nearly 3000 kilometers—and vows to turn into the most significant part of the vehicle foundation. Considering the benefits of the travel course from China and other South-East Asian (SEA) nations to Europe across Kazakhstan (increment in the movement rate contrasted with the ocean course through the Suez Canal and the decrease in transportation costs contrasted with air travel), there is a genuine chance to divert a piece of the freight stream from the ocean and air transport to railroad transport and to build the move through the domain of Kazakhstan^[6]. Before we consider the fundamental methods for advancement of the travel and transport capability of Kazakhstan, it is important to dissect the present circumstance in the vehicle part and mirror the elements that impact the condition of the freight transportation in transport foundation. The vehicle foundation must guarantee the vital conditions for the working and advancement of the fundamental ventures and to guarantee the most proficient utilization of the monetary and modern potential.

1.2 Literature Review

Creation of Kazakhstan's transport network is one of the main prerequisites for further economic reform, increasing the profitability of domestic goods and services on international markets, and country integration. In the early 21st century, the globalization of international ties enables transport to be considered as one of the most critical mechanisms of integration. Implementation of these systems in tandem with external and domestic competition creates new transport criteria for speeding the flow of goods, increasing the efficiency of transport infrastructure and raising transport costs in the final product market. The Republic of Kazakhstan's infrastructure network now meets the total needs of the national economy and of the transportation community The main objective of state policy in the transportation industry is to create a transport system available to meet an increasing volume and changing quality of passenger and freight demand effectively and safely for society and the environment^[7].

ASTANA. KAZINFORM says that Kazakhstan exploits the benefits of its geographical location between the world's largest producer- Asia and the largest consumer- the European Union. "In this regard, a lot of efforts were focused on the development of infrastructure," Olivier Moro, Vice President of Bureau Veritas, said it commenting on the Kazakh President's Address to the Nation "The Third Modernization of Kazakhstan: Global Competitiveness." "Digitalization, ‘one-window' principle and other innovative steps have become an important condition of ensuring the country's competitiveness and its place in the production chain. Therefore, these initiatives are

Chapter 1. Introduction

crucial for increasing attractiveness of Kazakhstan as a regional platform and overland route between Asia and Europe," he explained^[8].

“China gives special importance to Kazakhstan, which at the moment, has become a key element for Beijing in its policies regarding the whole of Central Asia,” said Adil Kaukenov, a political scientist (Kazakhstan, Astana), in an article written exclusively for the CABAR.

The cooperation between Kazakhstan and China is very deep and diverse, which is due in no small part to the geographical factor, the need for mutual economic partnership and a high level of political cooperation, namely in the field of strategic partnership.[9]

“Consistency and friendly relations made it possible to complete the tasks set before us, paving the way for greater cooperation. The dynamic growth in cargo transportation speaks to our fruitful cooperation,” Kanat Almagambetov, first deputy chairman of the KazakhTemirZholy Board, said. On 13-14 January 2020, the two delegations of KazakTemirZholy and Urumqi Railway held a working meeting at Altynkol and Khorgos stations to sum up the work of the border railways of Kazakhstan and China carried out in 2019, to review measures to execute the volume of cargo transportation in 2020. In 2019, the transportation volume between Kazakhstan and China was 17,556 thousand tons, 26% more than in 2018. From Kazakhstan 10,767 thousand tons were delivered, 27% higher than in 2018, and from China to 6,789 thousand tons, 24% higher than in 2018^[10].

1.3 Research

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