论文总字数：35696字

摘 要

俄罗斯的地理环境导致其气候寒冷，其农业生产因此受到制约，日常生活必需的农产品长时间面临短缺问题。而黑龙江属于温带气候，自然条件很适合农业生产，农业资源十分丰富，正好有能力满足俄罗斯对于农产品的需求。此外，黑龙江距离俄罗斯较近，交通设施、文化交流悠久，有关于俄罗斯气候、资源、政策等方面的大量信息和经验。这些因素使黑龙江对俄贸易在中俄经济贸易中占据非常重要的地位，并且也可以为后续加强黑龙江对俄贸易提供数据支撑及经验保障。黑龙江省依托得天独厚的区位优势和自然环境优势，通过几千公里的边境线积极对俄出口农产品，从而发展对俄罗斯贸易。不仅提高了黑龙江农产品对外输出的能力，也成为了中俄在农产品进出口贸易的第一大省。因此，作为中俄经济与商业发展的重要窗口，很有必要从农产品方面出发对黑龙江与俄贸易进行研究。这既有助于黑龙江对俄经贸合作的发展，也可以增强中俄贸易之间的交流与合作。

以现有的研究理论为基础，分析并研究黑龙江省与俄罗斯之间的农产品出口贸易。首先，从农产品出口贸易规模和出口贸易结构两个方面出发，了解黑龙江向俄罗斯出口农产品的状况，分析黑龙江对俄农产品出口贸易中存在哪些问题。其次，谈及具体有哪些影响黑龙江对俄农产品出口贸易的因素，从黑龙江省本身和俄方两个角度分析，分别主要有黑龙江国内生产总值和黑龙江省农业生产条件、俄罗斯国内生产总值和对于农产品的需求情况，结合这些因素了解近年来黑龙江的粮食产量及对俄出口农产品的情况等。再结合目前外界和国际的客观因素，考虑黑龙江对俄农产品出口贸易所面临的机遇和挑战。机遇只谈及“一带一路”战略的发展对黑龙江对俄贸易的影响，例如：政策支持、基础设施改善等方面。而挑战则是提到了俄罗斯的绿色贸易壁垒以及2020年爆发的新冠肺炎疫情。绿色贸易壁垒侧重于说明俄罗斯在这方面采取的措施及对我农产品出口有什么影响。鉴于新冠肺炎疫情是2020年出现的，因此将其纳入其中，主要是疫情下为中俄两国贸易带来最直接的影响和后续发展的问题。最后，针对上述主要问题提出了促进其农产品贸易发展的一些意见，希望在政府和企业共同努力下，黑龙江省对俄出口农产品的质量和数量实现巨大飞跃，以提升黑龙江省农产品的国际竞争力和对俄贸易的健康有序发展。

关键词：农产品；出口贸易；“一带一路”

Study on Export Trade of Agricultural Products from

Heilongjiang Province to Russia

Abstract

Due to the climate problem in Russia, its agriculture is restricted by geographical environment, and the agricultural products needed for daily life are in short supply for a long time. Heilongjiang Province belongs to temperate climate, natural conditions are very suitable for agricultural production, and agricultural resources are very rich, which just meets Russia’s demand for agricultural products. In addition, Heilongjiang is adjacent to Russia, with convenient transportation, long cultural exchanges and a long history. Heilongjiang Province has accumulated a large amount of information and experience on Russia climate, resources and policies. These factors make Heilongjiang’s trade with Russia occupy a very important position in Sino-Russian economic trade, and can also provide data support and experience guarantee for further strengthening Heilongjiang’s trade with Russia. Heilongjiang Province actively carries out trade with Russia by virtue of its unique geographical advantages and natural environment advantages, and exports agricultural products to Russia through thousands of kilometers of border lines. It has not only improved the export capacity of agricultural products in Heilongjiang, but also become the largest province in the import and export trade of agricultural products between China and Russia. Therefore, it is necessary to study the export trade of agricultural products from Heilongjiang Province to Russia, which not only promotes the development of economic and trade cooperation between Heilongjiang Province and Russia, but also strengthens the exchange and cooperation between China and Russia.

This paper takes the export trade of agricultural products between Heilongjiang Province and Russia as the research object, and analyzes it on the basis of existing research and related theories. First of all, this paper analyzes the current situation of Heilongjiang’s agricultural export trade to Russia, and studies the scale and structure of agricultural export trade to understand the problems existing in Heilongjiang’s agricultural export trade to Russia. Secondly, it talks about the factors that affect Heilongjiang’s export trade of agricultural products to Russia, specifically from the perspectives of Heilongjiang Province and Russia, mainly including Heilongjiang’s GDP, Heilongjiang’s agricultural production conditions, Russia GDP, and Russia’s demand for agricultural products. Then, considering the opportunities and challenges faced by Heilongjiang exporting agricultural products to Russia. The main opportunities are the development of “the belt and road initiative” strategy, the impact on Heilongjiang’s trade with Russia, the support of policies, the improvement of infrastructure and so on. The challenge is to mention the green trade barriers in Russia and the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020. Green trade barrier refers to the measures taken by Russia in this respect and its infiuence on China’s agricultural exports. Since the Covid-19 outbreak appeared in 2020, it is mainly due to the direct impact and subsequent development of the epidemic on Sino-Russian trade. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to promote the development of Heilongjiang’s agricultural products export to Russia, which are mainly aimed at the opportunities and challenges mentioned. Seize the opportunity of “the belt and road initiative” and actively deal with green trade barriers and Covid-19 epidemic. It is hoped that with the joint efforts of the government and enterprises, Heilongjiang’s export of agricultural products to Russia will achieve a leap in quality and quantity, so as to improve the international competitiveness of Heilongjiang’s agricultural products and realize the healthy and orderly development of Heilongjiang-Russia trade.

Keywords: Agricultural products; export trade; “the Belt and Road Initiative”

目 录

摘要 II

Abstract III

第一章 绪 论 1

1．1 研究背景 1

1．2 研究目的及意义 1

1．2．1 研究目的 1

1．2．2 研究意义 1

1．3 研究内容及方法 2

1．3．1 研究内容 2

1．3．2 研究方法 2

1．4 论文框架 2

第二章 文献综述 3

第三章 黑龙江省对俄农产品出口的现状 5

3．1 现状分析 5

3．1．1 出口规模 5

3．1．2 出口结构 7

3．2 影响黑龙江对俄农产品出口的因素 7

3．2．1 黑龙江省GDP 7

3．2．2 黑龙江省农业生产条件 8

3．2．3 俄罗斯经济发展水平 10

3．2．4 俄罗斯农产品需求情况 11

第四章 黑龙江对俄农产品贸易面临的机遇和挑战 13

4．1 “一带一路”经济走廊带来的机遇 13

4．1．1 政府加强对中俄贸易的支持 13

4．1．2 跨境物流的基础设施日益完善 14

4．1．3 俄语人才日益增多 16

4．2 挑战 19

4．2．1 针对农产品的绿色贸易壁垒 19

4．2．2 新冠肺炎疫情 21

第五章 针对黑龙江与俄农产品贸易发展的建议 23

5．1 抓住“一带一路”经济优势 23

5．1．1 企业完善物流服务体系建设 23

5．1．2 提高产品质量，扩大对外销售 23

5．2 黑龙江省应对绿色壁垒的建议 23

5．2．1 深入研究俄方对于农产品的进出口标准 23

5．2．2 大力推进绿色农产品开发生产 23

5．3 针对新冠疫情提出的发展建议 23

5．3．1 外贸企业需要加强技术合作 23

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