我国国际商事仲裁协议效力认定问题研究
2023-03-28 09:23:07
论文总字数:23848字
摘 要
在现实实践中,商事仲裁案件当事人常常订立了形式或者内容等方面存在缺陷的仲裁协议即瑕疵仲裁协议,其原因是当事人自身缺乏专业知识并且对关于仲裁协议其重要性认识不到位。在国际上各个国家会在仲裁协议的申请仲裁、申请承认与执行等阶段进行仲裁协议效力审查。在审查时,各个国家可能会根据其各自的规定采用不同的仲裁协议准据法,对于仲裁协议的有效要件的规定存在差异。所以造成了同样的仲裁协议在不同的国家出现不同的效力结果的现象,这种现象不利于实现仲裁机制的价值及其有效运行。
当事人自愿选择双方约定的用仲裁方式来解决双方争议并裁判者为双方自愿选择。双方当事人的约定即为仲裁协议。在不违反不损害国家公共利益下,在仲裁协议效力认定中,应该对于双方当事人的意思充分尊重,因为其起到决定性作用。根据各国采用的准据法及有效性原则,对仲裁协议的仲裁机构、仲裁员、仲裁地等必需的各方面进行明确并宽松解释争议瑕疵问题。
在我国《仲裁法》、《仲裁法》司法解释中对于有些问题进行了相关规定:在双方当事人约定的仲裁协议中的准据法若无规定可依照仲裁所在地法律法规;双方在协议中若没有明确约定仲裁机构,则协议无效;但是,如果仲裁地在国外,则效力依然认可。在国际仲裁界普遍的“支持仲裁”大趋势下,我国严苛的仲裁立法及司法实践规定对我国仲裁事业的发展产生了负面的作用,同时也降低了我国在国际仲裁界的地位。为了我国仲裁事业的长远发展及推动仲裁效力的发挥,应适当根据实际情况在有效要件的规定及准据法的选择上采用更加宽松灵活的方式。
关键词:仲裁协议;有效性;效力
Abstract
In real practice, commercial arbitration cases parties often sign the defects of the arbitration agreement or the arbitration agreement exists in form or content, the reason is the party"s own lack of professional knowledge and about the importance of arbitration agreement understanding does not reach the designated position. Each country in the world will be in the arbitration agreement of the application for arbitration, the application for recognition and enforcement of the arbitration agreement validity review. In the review, the various countries may adopt different applicable law of arbitration agreement in accordance with its own rules, provisions for the effective elements of the arbitration agreement are different. So the same arbitration agreement appears effectiveness results in different countries of the phenomenon, this phenomenon is not conducive to the realization of the value and the effective operation of the arbitration mechanism.
仲裁协议是当事人通过仲裁方式解决争议的约定,是当事人自愿选择的解决方式和裁判者。当事人的意愿对仲裁协议效力的认定具有决定性作用,在不违反一国公共利益的前提下应尊重当事人的意思,根据有效性原则选择准据法,对仲裁协议的瑕庇之处进行宽松解释,补充缺陷之处并明确仲裁程序幵展需确定的仲裁机构、仲裁员和仲裁地等因素。我国《仲裁法》司法解释规定当事人对仲裁协议未约定准据法时适用仲裁地法,而我国《仲裁法》和其司法解释对仲裁协议的有效要件作了严格规定,特别是将“对仲裁机构的明确约定”作为必要生效条件,世所罕见,很容易导致宣告仲裁协议无效。根据仲裁地的不同,未约定仲裁机构的仲裁协议具有截然相反的效力。如在国外进行仲裁,我国法院认可其效力,如果在国内仲裁则否定其效力的。这种情形会影响中国仲裁机构的国际地位,也难以推动我国仲裁事业的长远发展。在国际社会“支持仲裁”这一大背景下,我国仲裁立法和司法实践应放宽对仲裁协议有效要件的严格规定,采用更灵活的法律选择方式,以推动仲裁功效的发挥。
The parties voluntarily choose the parties agreed to use arbitration to solve the dispute and the referee for the two sides voluntarily choose. The agreement between the parties is an arbitration agreement. In the determination of the validity of the arbitration agreement without prejudice to the public interest of the state, it should be fully respected by both parties because it plays a decisive role. According to the law governing the use of national and effectiveness principle, to the arbitration agreement of arbitration, arbitrator, arbitration and other essential aspects are clear and easy to explain the controversial issue of the defects.
In China"s arbitration law and the arbitration law judicial interpretation to some problems of the relevant provisions: agreed between the parties in the arbitration agreement, the applicable law if there are no provisions in accordance with the laws and regulations of the seat of arbitration; the two sides in the agreement if there is no clear agreed arbitration institution, the agreement is invalid; however, if the place of arbitration in a foreign country, the effect is still recognized. In international arbitration circle generally support arbitration "trend, China"s strict arbitration legislation and judicial practice provisions of China"s arbitration development produced negative effect, but also reduce the position of our country in the field of international arbitration. In order to arbitration undertaking in China"s long-term development and promote arbitration effect of the play, should be appropriate according to the actual situation in the choice of valid requirement of the regulations and the applicable law by more flexible way.
Keywords: arbitration agreement ; effectiveness; serve
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1文献综述 1
1.2 国际商事仲裁协议相关概念界定 2
1.2.1“国际”的定义 2
1.2.2“商事”的定义 2
1.2.3“仲裁”的定义 3
1.3国际商事仲裁的基本性质和原则 3
1.3.1仲裁协议的“契约性” 3
1.3.2 遵循“有效性”原则 4
1.4仲裁协议效力认定实质要件 4
1.4.1“仲裁意愿”是效力认定的核心实质要件 5
1.4.2 仲裁协议内容的合法性问题 5
第二章 我国国际商事仲裁协议的效力认定 7
2.1 我国国际商事仲裁协议的法律效力 7
2.1.1对当事人的法律效力 7
2.1.2对仲裁机构的效力 7
2.1.3对法院的效力 7
2.2 我国国际商事仲裁协议效力的确定 7
2.2.1仲裁机构决定 7
2.2.2 司法机构最终决定 8
2.2.3司法机构决定 8
2.3 有瑕疵仲裁协议在我国的效力认定 8
2.3.1 没有明确约定仲裁机构 8
2.3.2 约定仲裁机构两个及两个以上 8
2.3.3约定的仲裁机构实际不存在的或名称不准确 9
第三章 我国国际商事仲裁协议的一般问题 10
3.1 我国国际商事仲裁协议常用形式和内容 10
3.1.1我国国际商事仲裁协议的形式 10
3.1.2我国立法中关于国际商事仲裁协议内容的规定 10
3.2我国国际商事仲裁协议效力主体问题 10
3.2.1由仲裁委员会认定仲裁协议的效力 10
3.2.2人民法院在仲裁协议效力认定方面的负面作用 11
3.3我国立法在国际商事仲裁协议方面的缺陷 11
3.3.1对仲裁协议有效要件的要求过于苛刻 11
3.3.2仲裁协议效力认定机构及程序的规定不明确 11
3.3.3仲裁法在涉外仲裁协议选用准据法方面的空白 12
第四章 对于完善我国国际商事仲裁协议效力认定的建议 13
4.1 发展完善仲裁协议内容 13
4.2 完善仲裁协议效力的立法 13
4.3司法机关应尽可能尊重当事人意思自治、认可仲裁协议的效力 14
4.4将国内仲裁协议和国际仲裁协议同等对待 14
4.5进一步加深法律院校对仲裁协议相关问题的理论研究 14
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